Forensic science uses many specialized terms. Here are five common forensic words used globally, explained in simple English:
- Autopsy: An autopsy is a detailed examination of a dead body by a doctor called a pathologist. The goal is to determine the cause of death. For example, if someone dies unexpectedly, an autopsy might reveal if the cause was poisoning, a heart attack, or another health issue.
- DNA Evidence: DNA evidence refers to using a person’s unique genetic code to identify them. DNA is like a biological fingerprint. For example, if a suspect's DNA is found at a crime scene, it can help prove they were there.
- Fingerprint Analysis: This involves examining the unique patterns of ridges and grooves on a person’s fingertips. Each person’s fingerprints are different. For instance, if a fingerprint is found on a stolen item, comparing it to known fingerprints can help identify the thief.
- Toxicology: Toxicology is the study of poisons and their effects on the body. It’s used to determine if a person was poisoned or had toxic substances in their system. For example, if someone is found dead and there are suspicions of poisoning, toxicologists can test body fluids to find out if harmful chemicals are involved.
- Ballistics: Ballistics is the study of bullets and firearms. It helps to understand how a bullet was fired, the type of gun used, and its trajectory. For example, if a crime scene has bullet holes, ballistics experts can determine the type of gun used and where the shooter was positioned.
These terms are crucial in forensic investigations to help solve crimes and understand how and why events happened.