In a significant step towards strengthening employability and industry readiness among students, the Odisha government has launched an apprenticeship-embedded undergraduate degree programme that integrates academic learning with hands-on workplace experience.

The innovative programme combines traditional classroom education with a structured, paid apprenticeship during the third year of study. The initiative is aligned with the objectives of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which emphasizes experiential learning, skill development and stronger links between higher education and industry.

Under the new model, students will spend the first two years pursuing academic coursework before undertaking a one-year apprenticeship with industry partners, enabling them to gain practical exposure while completing their degree. Officials believe the approach will help bridge the gap between academic knowledge and workplace requirements, improving employment prospects for graduates.

The programme offers students flexibility in choosing their academic pathways. Learners can select from 11 disciplines and combine major and minor subjects in accordance with the multidisciplinary framework promoted under NEP 2020. The flexible curriculum is expected to allow students to tailor their education to their interests and career goals while acquiring industry-relevant skills.

Higher education experts have welcomed the initiative, noting that apprenticeship-integrated programmes are increasingly being adopted worldwide to enhance graduate employability. By providing real-world work experience before graduation, such programmes help students develop professional competencies, workplace ethics and practical problem-solving abilities that employers often seek.

The Odisha government has opened admissions through the Student Academic Management System (SAMS) portal. Interested candidates can submit their applications until June 10. According to the admission schedule, the first merit list for selected candidates will be published on June 17.

Officials say the programme represents a major shift from conventional degree structures by embedding skill-based learning directly into the academic journey. The initiative is also expected to strengthen collaboration between higher education institutions and industry partners, creating opportunities for students to gain exposure to emerging sectors and workplace practices.

As India continues to focus on enhancing youth employability and workforce readiness, Odisha's apprenticeship-embedded undergraduate programme could serve as a model for other states seeking to integrate academic education with practical training and industry engagement.

A story of perseverance, career reinvention and resilience has captured attention on social media after a Hyderabad-based technology professional shared the remarkable journey of his IIT Madras graduate flatmate, who found success in trading after spending more than a decade pursuing the UPSC dream.

According to the viral post, the graduate turned down a campus placement offer worth ₹10 lakh per annum in 2012 to focus entirely on preparing for the prestigious Civil Services Examination. Like many aspirants, he viewed the UPSC as a pathway to public service and a meaningful career. However, his journey was marked by repeated setbacks. He failed to clear the preliminary examination in his first attempt and was unable to progress beyond the mains stage in his second.

Seeking a new direction, he briefly shifted his focus to competitive badminton, hoping to build a career in the sport. However, disillusionment with the system and challenges within the sporting ecosystem eventually led him back to UPSC preparation. Over the years, he continued to make multiple attempts at the examination but was unable to secure the breakthrough he had hoped for.

After nearly 12 years divided between civil services preparation and badminton, the graduate found himself at a crossroads. Rather than giving up, he began exploring financial markets and taught himself trading through online resources. Without formal coaching or mentorship, he dedicated time to understanding market trends, risk management and investment strategies.

His efforts gradually paid off. Today, he works as a SEBI-registered investment advisor and reportedly earns around ₹2 lakh per month through trading activities, though his income varies depending on market conditions. The transition from UPSC aspirant to financial market professional represents a dramatic shift in career trajectory, driven largely by self-learning and persistence.

The story has resonated with many social media users, who described it as a reminder that success does not always follow a conventional timeline. Several commenters praised the graduate's willingness to adapt and rebuild after years of setbacks, while others noted that career paths are increasingly becoming non-linear in a rapidly changing world.

For many young professionals and competitive exam aspirants, the story serves as an example that resilience, continuous learning and the courage to embrace new opportunities can eventually open unexpected doors, even after years of uncertainty.

The Allahabad High Court has granted interim relief to a school teacher accused in a case involving alleged insults to Hindu religious beliefs, staying his arrest while directing the Uttar Pradesh government to file its response within six weeks.

The case pertains to Bhisham Pal Singh, a teacher who was booked under Section 299 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) for allegedly being present at a gathering where remarks considered offensive to Hindu deities and religious symbols were reportedly made. The complaint was filed after a video of the meeting circulated on social media, triggering allegations that the statements had hurt religious sentiments and could disturb public harmony.

Challenging the FIR before the high court, Singh argued that he neither made any objectionable comments nor participated in any activity that could be construed as an insult to religion. His counsel maintained that the teacher was merely present at the event and had been wrongly implicated in the matter.

The petition further questioned the basis of the allegations and sought protection from coercive action during the course of the investigation. Singh's legal team also highlighted concerns regarding the credibility of the complaint and urged the court to examine the circumstances under which the case was registered.

Hearing the matter, a division bench comprising Justice Mahesh Chandra Tripathi and Justice Prashant Kumar observed that the issues raised required further consideration. The court subsequently issued notices to the state authorities and directed them to submit their response within six weeks.

As an interim measure, the bench ordered that no coercive action, including arrest, be taken against the petitioner until the next date of hearing or until the submission of the police report, whichever is earlier. The protection, however, is subject to Singh cooperating fully with the ongoing investigation.

The case has attracted attention amid wider debates on freedom of expression, religious sensitivities and the application of legal provisions governing speech-related offences. While the court's order provides temporary relief to the teacher, it does not amount to a determination on the merits of the allegations, which will be examined as the case proceeds.

Every year, millions of people light a cigarette believing it offers a moment of relaxation, relief or pleasure. Yet hidden behind that brief ritual is one of the most efficient disease-delivery systems ever created.

A cigarette may appear harmless—a small roll of tobacco wrapped in paper—but science tells a very different story. According to public health experts, each cigarette contains more than 5,000 chemicals, hundreds of which are toxic and at least 70 known carcinogens capable of causing cancer.

The danger begins with the very first puff.

Within seconds, nicotine reaches the brain and triggers the release of dopamine, the chemical associated with pleasure and reward. The smoker experiences a temporary sense of calm or satisfaction. But that feeling is short-lived. As nicotine levels drop, cravings emerge, creating a cycle of dependence that can last for decades.

"Many smokers believe cigarettes help them cope with stress," explains Dr. Amit Dias, Assistant Professor in the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine at GMC. "In reality, smoking often relieves the withdrawal symptoms caused by nicotine addiction itself."

Beyond nicotine lies a cocktail of harmful substances. Tar accumulates in the lungs, carbon monoxide deprives tissues of oxygen, formaldehyde damages cells, while arsenic, benzene, cadmium and hydrogen cyanide silently attack multiple organs. Over time, these chemicals trigger chronic inflammation, DNA damage, impaired immunity and irreversible tissue destruction.

The health consequences are devastating.

Smoking is linked to nearly 90 percent of lung cancer cases and significantly increases the risk of cancers affecting the mouth, throat, pancreas, bladder, kidney, stomach and cervix. It also remains a major contributor to heart attacks, strokes and peripheral arterial disease by damaging blood vessels and accelerating the build-up of arterial plaque.

The respiratory system bears some of the earliest scars. Chronic smokers often develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema and chronic bronchitis, conditions that gradually rob individuals of their ability to breathe comfortably.

The damage extends beyond smokers themselves.

Second-hand smoke exposes family members, co-workers and children to the same toxic chemicals. Children living in smoking households face higher risks of asthma, respiratory infections and ear diseases, despite never choosing to smoke themselves. Public health experts stress that there is no safe level of exposure to second-hand smoke.

In recent years, electronic cigarettes and vaping devices have emerged as alternatives to conventional smoking. Marketed as cleaner and safer, these products have attracted millions of users, particularly young people. While vaping may expose users to fewer combustion-related toxins than traditional cigarettes, health experts caution against viewing them as harmless.

Most vaping products still contain nicotine, and their aerosols can carry heavy metals, toxic compounds and ultrafine particles. The long-term health consequences remain uncertain. More concerning is the growing popularity of flavoured products among adolescents, raising fears of a new generation becoming addicted to nicotine.

For decades, tobacco companies carefully cultivated the image of smoking as glamorous, sophisticated and rebellious. Films, advertisements and celebrity endorsements transformed cigarettes into symbols of confidence and independence. But behind the marketing lies a stark reality: tobacco addiction kills millions globally every year.

The encouraging news is that the body begins to heal almost immediately after quitting. Within 20 minutes, heart rate and blood pressure start returning to normal. Within weeks and months, circulation and lung function improve. After a year, the risk of heart disease falls significantly, while long-term cancer and stroke risks continue to decline over time.

Public health specialists emphasize that quitting is often a journey rather than a single event. Many smokers require multiple attempts before achieving lasting success, and setbacks should be viewed as part of the recovery process rather than failure.

As the world observes efforts to reduce tobacco use, the message from healthcare professionals remains clear: tobacco is not merely a personal habit—it is a public health challenge that affects families, communities and future generations. Combating it requires awareness, strong public policies, accessible cessation support and a collective commitment to replacing myths with science.

The cigarette's greatest deception is its appearance of harmlessness. In reality, every puff carries a biological cost. Understanding that truth may be the first step toward a healthier future.

Dr. Amit Dias

As artificial intelligence transforms workplaces and hybrid work models continue to redefine organizational structures, human resource leaders are increasingly finding themselves at the centre of strategic business decisions. Industry experts believe that while technology is changing how work is performed, the skills that will matter most in the coming decade are distinctly human—empathy, creativity, emotional intelligence and trust.

Speaking to Economic Times Digital, HR strategist and founder of Jijivisha HR Solutions, Kanak Kiran, said the future of work is no longer a distant concept but a reality already shaping organizations worldwide. Distributed teams, AI-assisted workflows and employees seeking greater flexibility and purpose are changing traditional workplace dynamics.

According to Kiran, many organizations continue to view AI primarily as a tool for efficiency and cost reduction. However, HR leaders should focus on a more fundamental question: how technology can enhance human potential rather than simply replace jobs. As routine tasks become automated, capabilities such as relationship-building, ethical decision-making, creativity and emotional intelligence will become increasingly valuable.

Experts argue that organizations must also rethink their structures to prepare for the workforce of 2030. Traditional career paths and rigid job descriptions are giving way to more fluid, project-based and cross-functional roles. Companies that encourage continuous learning, internal mobility and psychological safety are expected to adapt more successfully to rapid change.

The evolving workplace is also transforming the role of HR itself. Once primarily associated with recruitment and compliance, HR is now playing a key role in addressing challenges such as employee retention, burnout, leadership development, workplace culture and AI-driven transformation. As a result, Chief Human Resource Officers (CHROs) are increasingly becoming strategic advisors involved in shaping business direction.

Kiran emphasized that data-driven decision-making should complement, not replace, human judgment. While analytics can identify trends and patterns, qualities such as trust, resilience and leadership potential often require human understanding and intuition.

Looking ahead, experts believe future HR professionals will need a broader skill set that combines business strategy, technology, AI literacy, analytics and organizational psychology. However, they stress that the ability to balance technological expertise with empathy and human sensitivity will ultimately distinguish exceptional leaders in an increasingly automated world.

As space increasingly becomes a critical arena of geopolitical competition and military strategy, leading figures from India's aerospace, defence and scientific communities have called for urgent action to strengthen the country's space infrastructure, industrial capacity and strategic autonomy.

The message emerged at the third edition of the national symposium, The Day the Sky Goes Dark: Warfare in the Age of Satellite Dependence, held at T-Hub in Hyderabad. The event brought together former chiefs of ISRO, DRDO and the Indian Air Force, alongside industry leaders, policymakers and researchers, to examine India's readiness for a future where space assets could play a decisive role in warfare.

A key theme of the discussions was that India possesses the technological expertise needed to compete globally but lacks the production scale required for the next phase of growth. Former ISRO Chairman A.S. Kiran Kumar pointed to achievements such as Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan, Aditya-L1 and Mission Shakti as evidence of India's scientific capabilities. However, he stressed that future success would depend on developing large satellite constellations, expanding launch capacity and encouraging greater participation from private industry.

Former DRDO Chairman G. Satheesh Reddy described space as the fourth dimension of warfare alongside land, sea and air. He emphasized stronger collaboration between government agencies and private companies to accelerate innovation and strengthen national security.

Industry leaders echoed similar concerns. Ananth Technologies Chairman and Managing Director Subba Rao Pavuluri noted that satellites have become indispensable components of modern military systems. He argued that while Indian companies possess the engineering talent to compete internationally, greater investment and manufacturing capacity are needed to meet the rising demand for defence-specific satellites.

Experts also highlighted rapid launch capability as a strategic necessity. Ronak Kumar Samantray, Founder and CEO of TakeMe2Space, said countries capable of launching satellites quickly and repeatedly would dominate the future space economy and security landscape.

Participants called for policy reforms, including larger procurement programmes, predictable order flows and easier access to growth capital for space startups. They warned that as military networks become increasingly dependent on space-based infrastructure, investments in cyber resilience, secure communications, advanced electronics and indigenous technologies will be essential to safeguarding India's strategic interests in the emerging space era.

Breakfast plays a crucial role in determining energy levels, digestion, concentration and hunger patterns throughout the day. While Indian households offer a wide variety of morning meals—from poha and idli to parathas, dosa and oats—nutrition experts say the healthiest choice depends on both nutritional balance and individual needs.

According to dietitian Sujatha Stephen, Chief Dietician at Yashoda Hospitals, there is no universal "best" breakfast. Factors such as age, lifestyle, activity levels, metabolism and existing health conditions influence what works best for each individual. However, breakfasts rich in protein, fibre and complex carbohydrates generally provide more sustained health benefits.

Among the most nutritious options are dal cheela and oats. Both are rich in protein and fibre, nutrients that help promote satiety, support muscle health and maintain steady energy levels throughout the morning. Dal cheela, prepared from lentils, offers a natural protein boost and becomes even more nutritious when vegetables are added. Oats, meanwhile, are known for their heart-friendly fibre content and digestive benefits.

Fermented foods such as idli and plain dosa also rank highly due to their ease of digestion and positive impact on gut health. The fermentation process enhances nutrient absorption and makes these foods lighter on the stomach. Nutritionists also note a growing preference for millet-based alternatives, including millet idli and millet dosa, which contain higher amounts of fibre and micronutrients than refined grains.

Poha remains a healthy breakfast option when prepared thoughtfully. Adding vegetables, peanuts, sprouts and minimal oil can significantly improve its nutritional profile by increasing fibre, protein and essential vitamins.

Experts caution, however, that traditional favourites such as heavily buttered parathas, deep-fried snacks and refined flour-based preparations should be consumed in moderation. Excessive amounts of oil, butter, ghee and large portion sizes can contribute to weight gain, diabetes, high cholesterol and cardiovascular problems over time.

A balanced breakfast, nutritionists say, should ideally include protein, fibre, healthy fats and low-to-moderate glycaemic index carbohydrates. Simple changes such as incorporating vegetables, choosing whole grains or millets, reducing excess fats and adding protein-rich foods like curd, paneer, eggs or sprouts can make a significant difference.

Ultimately, experts stress that breakfast quality should be judged not by calories alone but by its ability to nourish the body, support long-term health and sustain energy throughout the day.

Local authorities in the United Kingdom have issued a warning about the growing popularity of "urban exploring" among young people, citing serious safety hazards and potential legal consequences associated with the social media trend.

The warning comes amid reports of an increase in teenagers and young adults entering abandoned and derelict buildings, often filming their experiences and sharing videos on platforms such as TikTok. Concerned by the rise in such activities, West Northamptonshire Council, Northamptonshire Police and Northamptonshire Fire and Rescue Service have jointly urged residents to avoid accessing vacant properties without permission.

Officials said many of the buildings attracting urban explorers are structurally unsafe and pose significant risks, including falling debris, unstable floors, exposed electrical systems and hazardous materials. They warned that entering these sites could result in serious injury or even death.

Charlie Hastie, Cabinet Member for Housing and Communities at West Northamptonshire Council, said that while urban exploring may appear adventurous on social media, the reality is far more dangerous. He noted that many abandoned buildings have deteriorated over time and are not designed to accommodate visitors.

Authorities also expressed concern that social media content is encouraging others to replicate the behaviour. Online videos often attract comments seeking directions, entry points and tips for accessing restricted locations, potentially increasing the number of people exposed to danger.

Beyond safety concerns, officials stressed that entering private or restricted properties without permission is a criminal offence and could lead to prosecution. In some cases, individuals may also be violating Public Spaces Protection Orders (PSPOs), which prohibit unauthorised access to certain locations as part of efforts to tackle antisocial behaviour.

The warning echoes previous incidents linked to urban exploration. In 2019, four teenagers became trapped in underground sewer tunnels in Northampton after losing their way, prompting a major rescue operation and renewed calls for public awareness about the risks associated with exploring unsafe sites.

Authorities are encouraging parents, schools and community groups to discuss the dangers of the trend and promote safer recreational activities for young people.

Journalists and media professionals from South and Southeast Asia have an opportunity to strengthen their reporting skills on climate, environmental and public health issues through a fully funded regional training programme scheduled to take place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in July 2026.

The two-day Capacity Development and Training Workshop Series for Media Professionals: Air Pollution and Health will be held on July 13–14, 2026, at Sunway University. The programme is being organized by the Global Climate and Health Alliance, the Global Strategic Communications Council and the Sunway Centre for Planetary Health.

The workshop aims to equip journalists with the knowledge and tools needed to effectively report on the growing links between air pollution, climate change and human health. Through expert-led discussions, collaborative learning sessions and practical exercises, participants will gain a deeper understanding of planetary health challenges and learn how to communicate complex scientific issues in a clear, accurate and engaging manner.

Organizers say the training will focus on developing solutions-oriented journalism, ethical reporting practices and stronger engagement with scientists, policymakers and affected communities. Participants will also take part in a simulation exercise designed to replicate real-world reporting scenarios related to environmental and health issues.

In addition to skill-building sessions, the workshop will offer networking opportunities for journalists from across South and Southeast Asia. Participants will be encouraged to exchange experiences, build professional connections and explore opportunities for regional collaboration.

Following the programme, attendees will become part of a Community of Practice, where they can share resources, discuss reporting challenges, access the latest research and support one another in covering climate and health-related stories.

The workshop is open to working journalists, both staff and freelance, with recent bylines and a demonstrated interest in environmental or health journalism. Applicants must submit two to three relevant work samples and commit to publishing at least one article or equivalent media output within six weeks of the workshop.

Selected participants will receive full funding covering international airfare, local travel within Malaysia, accommodation from July 12 to 14, and meals during the programme. Priority will be given to applicants from ASEAN member countries, although journalists from South Asia and a limited number from East Asia are also eligible to apply.

An Indian software engineer currently working at Google and earning more than ₹80 lakh annually has triggered widespread debate online after revealing that a startup rejected his application because his college CGPA was below 7.

The tech professional, who chose to remain anonymous, said he has around eight years of industry experience and had applied to the startup while exploring new job opportunities. However, instead of evaluating his professional track record, the company reportedly rejected him over academic scores from his college years.

According to the engineer, the rejection message was sent through WhatsApp and specifically mentioned that his college CGPA did not meet the company’s criteria.

What intensified the controversy was the fact that the candidate had not even mentioned his CGPA on his resume. Despite his experience at one of the world’s leading technology companies and a high-paying role, the startup allegedly focused on academic performance from nearly a decade earlier.

Speaking about the incident, the techie said the company gave no other explanation for rejecting his application. The experience prompted him to share the incident online, where it quickly gained traction across social media platforms.

Many users criticised the startup’s hiring process, calling it outdated and disconnected from real-world industry expectations. Several argued that judging experienced professionals on college grades rather than skills, achievements and work history reflected an “archaic” mindset in recruitment.

One user speculated that the company may have used the CGPA requirement as a convenient excuse because it did not have the budget to hire a highly paid engineer from a major multinational firm. Others suggested the candidate had “dodged a bullet” by avoiding a workplace with rigid and potentially toxic hiring standards.

The incident has once again reignited discussions around recruitment culture in India’s startup ecosystem, where some firms continue to prioritise academic scores, elite college backgrounds and rigid eligibility criteria even for mid-career professionals.

Industry experts have often argued that while academic performance may help assess fresh graduates, years of hands-on experience, project execution, leadership and problem-solving abilities become far more relevant for senior roles.

The engineer also confirmed that the startup did not contact him again after the social media backlash surrounding the incident.

A striking Met Gala ensemble turned attention toward Bengal’s fading shola craft, blending traditional artisan techniques with contemporary fashion innovation on one of the world’s biggest style stages.

In an exclusive interaction with The Juggernaut, designer Mayyur Girotra and entrepreneur DM Jatia discussed how the outfit was created in collaboration with artisans from Kolkata to highlight the intricate but endangered art form of shola work.

Shola art is crafted from the soft pith of an aquatic plant, traditionally carved into delicate decorative motifs widely associated with Bengali rituals, headgear, idols, and ceremonial ornamentation. Known for its lightweight texture and intricate detailing, the craft has long been part of Bengal’s cultural identity but faces decline due to shrinking artisan communities and limited commercial demand.

For the Met Gala design, artisans recreated the signature aesthetic of shola using recycled rubber waste after determining that original shola material would be too fragile for the high-profile red carpet event. The recreated motifs were then layered onto a gold-and-silver Kanjeevaram sari, combining South Indian textile heritage with Bengali craftsmanship.

The collaboration reflects a growing trend in Indian fashion where designers are reviving regional crafts by adapting them for global luxury and couture platforms. By incorporating artisan-made textures into contemporary fashion narratives, designers hope to generate renewed interest and economic opportunities for traditional craft communities.

Fashion observers noted that the ensemble stood out not only for its visual impact but also for its emphasis on sustainability and cultural storytelling. The use of recycled rubber to mimic the fragile organic material introduced an innovative dimension to the craft while making it durable enough for international presentation.

The project also highlighted the role of artisans in shaping global fashion conversations, particularly as heritage crafts increasingly become part of discussions around sustainability, slow fashion, and cultural preservation.

For Bengal’s shola artisans, the Met Gala appearance represents rare international visibility for a craft often confined to local ceremonial use. Designers involved in the project said the objective was not merely aesthetic, but also to centre the craftsmanship and labour of artisans whose work risks disappearing without sustained recognition and support.

UNESCO Peru and the National Institute of Mental Health “Honorio Delgado – Hideyo Noguchi” have announced a strategic partnership aimed at strengthening mental health awareness and preventing violence in schools across Peru.

The collaboration was unveiled during Mental Health Week and ahead of the International Day of the Girl, highlighting growing international focus on adolescent well-being, safe learning spaces, and inclusive education.

The initiative forms part of the “Campeonas sin Barreras” project implemented by UNESCO Peru in partnership with Fundación Fútbol Más Perú under UNESCO’s global Fit for Life programme. The project uses sport as a tool to encourage inclusion, equity, emotional well-being, and community participation among young people.

Officials said the partnership aligns with UNESCO’s broader health and well-being education strategy, which promotes mental and physical health, safer schools, and teacher training initiatives.

Copa de Campeonas to bring together students and families

The first major activity under the partnership will be the “Copa de Campeonas” event scheduled for October 25 in Prague-style community fair format, expected to bring together more than 300 participants including adolescents, teachers, families, and civil society organisations.

The socio-sporting event will feature football matches, cultural programmes, interactive learning stations, and activities focused on girls’ leadership and violence-free educational environments.

Mental health experts from the National Institute of Mental Health will manage dedicated well-being stations offering guidance on emotional resilience, self-care, prevention strategies, and socio-emotional development for students, educators, and parents.

Organisers said the stations are designed to demonstrate how sports and mental health interventions can work together to strengthen the overall well-being of educational communities.

Focus on girls as changemakers

The announcement also coincides with this year’s United Nations theme for the International Day of the Girl — “The girl I am, the change I lead. Girls on the frontlines of crisis.”

Officials said the partnership seeks to recognise adolescent girls not only as beneficiaries of educational programmes but also as active agents of social change and leadership.

Through the collaboration, UNESCO Peru and the National Institute of Mental Health reaffirmed their commitment to ensuring children and adolescents have access to safe educational spaces, equal opportunities, and healthier learning environments free from violence and discrimination.

The initiative reflects a wider global shift toward integrating mental health, emotional well-being, and community engagement into mainstream education policy frameworks, especially in regions facing social inequality, gender-based challenges, and youth mental health concerns.

Forensic science is an interdisciplinary field that is one of the fastest-growing fields, combining science, law, and criminal investigation. With the growing interest in forensic careers, many students may encounter two intriguing careers: criminologists and toxicologists.

Both have a role to play in understanding crime and supporting the justice system, but they are very different in terms of their educational pathways, and in their day-to-day work. These differences can help aspiring forensic science students decide on the career path that best suits their interests and strengths.

What is a Criminologist?

A criminologist is a person who studies crime, criminal behaviour, and the social factors that affect criminal activities. Criminologists are not forensic laboratory experts, but they are concerned with the causes of crime, the perpetrators of crime, and how society can prevent crime.

Criminologists examine social and psychological factors, analyze crime trends, study offender behavior, and assist in the creation of policies that will help to reduce crime. They frequently assist law enforcement, government agencies, research organizations, and policy makers.

What is a Criminologist?

A criminologist may:

• Examine the nature and origins of crime.
• Analyse crime statistics and reports
• Investigate crime and crime motives
• Assess crime prevention programmes
• Help with the development of criminal justice policies
• Help police with behavioural analysis
• Do academic and social research

Criminology is a field that integrates elements of sociology, psychology, law, and criminal justice to gain a deeper understanding of crime and its effects on society.

What is a Toxicologist?

A toxicologist is a scientist who investigates the effects of chemicals, drugs, poisons and toxins on living things. Toxicologists are essential to the criminal investigation process in forensic science, where they examine biological samples to identify substances that can be associated with injury, illness, impairment or death.

Forensic toxicologists use sophisticated scientific equipment to detect and quantify drugs, alcohol, poisons and other chemicals in a lab setting.

What is a Toxicologist?

A forensic toxicologist can:

• Analyse blood, urine, hair and tissue samples
• Identify drugs and poisons
• Help to identify causes of death
• Support investigations of drug overdoses
• Conduct scientific investigations in criminal investigations
• Prepare laboratory reports
• Provide expert testimony in court cases

Their results can be pivotal in criminal investigations and court cases.

Difference Between Toxicologist and Criminologist 

Although, both do similar work but the perspective and method differs. 

So, which career is better in Forensic Science?

There’s no one “good career” option, both are lucrative careers with their own features and contributions. Choosing the right career for yourself depends on your desire and inclination; if you are inclined towards understanding the psychology of a criminal to hunt him/her down, you must choose criminology. But if you are more into lab work and love finding evidence, toxicology will be the best. 

There are opportunities to make a difference in the public safety and justice system in both careers, so choosing for either one of these will still lead you to the same reputation and respect. 

How to become a Criminologist?.

To be a criminologist, students must start with a bachelor's degree in a criminology-related field, such as forensic science, criminal justice, psychology, sociology, or law. For this, qualifying the AIFSET entrance test is important. Additionally, postgraduate qualifications might also be necessary for advanced research and specialisation.

How to become a toxicologist?

Same as Criminology, to be an expert toxicologist, one must first crack AIFSET and gain admission into one of the top institutes offering forensic science. A forensic toxicologist typically needs a solid background in science to pursue a career in the field. Undergraduate degrees in forensic science, chemistry, biochemistry, life sciences or related areas are common for students pursuing further specialization in the field through postgraduate studies or professional training.

Educational Pathway After Class 12

Both the professions can be started by students from Class 12 by selecting science related programmes. Popular options include:

• B.Sc. Forensic Science
• B.Sc. Chemistry
• B.Sc. Biotechnology
• B.Sc. Life Sciences
• Criminal Justice Studies

Criminology Programmes

Forensic science is a popular course for many students because they get to explore a variety of specialisations such as crime scene investigation, toxicology, DNA analysis, cyber forensics and criminology.

Students interested in pursuing forensic science courses can consider taking part in the All India Forensic Science Entrance Test (AIFSET) to gain admission to forensic science programs at various top universities in India.

Career Opportunities

Career Options for Criminologists

1. Crime Analyst
2. Criminal Behaviour Researcher
3. Policy Analyst
4. Correctional Services Professional
5. Academic Researcher
6. Criminal Justice Consultant

Career Options for Toxicologists

1. Forensic Toxicologist
2. Laboratory Scientist
3. Drug Testing Specialist
4. Research Scientist
5. Pharmaceutical Toxicologist
6. Public Health Toxicologist

What Should Aspirants Know?

While both criminologists and toxicologists are forensic professionals, they have different roles in the justice system. Criminologists are interested in the nature of crime and criminal behaviour, and toxicologists apply scientific techniques to the investigation of substances that could be involved in a criminal investigation.

Understanding these differences are a crucial first step for students interested in pursuing a career in forensic science. Both behavioural analysis and laboratory science are rewarding fields of work that can be of service in investigations, public safety and the quest for justice. The important thing to remember is that you need to get a head start on the field, select the appropriate educational route, and develop the specialized knowledge needed to achieve success in your chosen career.

The Information Technology (IT) sector is a very popular sector for employment and is known for some of the highest paying jobs in the world. IT workers can make much more money than people in many other industries, whether they are developing software, working in cybersecurity, cloud computing, AI, or data science.

This has inspired many students and job seekers to ask themselves an important question: why is the IT field paid more?

The simple answer is that the demand for IT professionals, the scarcity of skilled workers, the value of IT to businesses, the innovation of IT, and the increasing reliance on technology by organisations are all contributing to the high salaries in the IT industry. These factors can be useful for students and professionals to consider when making career decisions.

What is the IT Field?

IT professionals are those who design, build, manage, secure, and enhance technology systems. It encompasses a variety of positions such as:

• Software Developers
• Web Developers
• Data Scientists
• Cybersecurity Analysts
• Cloud Engineers
• AI and Machine Learning Specialists
• Network Engineers
• IT Support Professionals
• Database Administrators

Technology is the backbone of nearly every business today, and IT professionals are needed in various sectors, including healthcare, banking, retail, manufacturing, education, and government.

What makes the IT industry pay higher salaries?

There are several reasons for the higher earning potential of IT professionals. Here are top 7 key reasons: 

1. High Demand for Skilled Professionals

One of the biggest reasons IT jobs pay more is the strong demand for skilled workers. Businesses today depend heavily on technology to operate efficiently, communicate with customers, analyse data, and stay competitive. As digital transformation continues across industries, organisations constantly need professionals who can build and maintain technology systems.

However, the number of qualified professionals often falls short of demand. When demand exceeds supply, salaries naturally increase as companies compete to attract talent. This trend is especially visible in areas such as cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and data analytics.

2. Technology Directly Impacts Business Revenue

Unlike some support functions, technology often plays a direct role in generating revenue. For example, a software developer may create an application used by millions of customers. A cloud engineer may help a company reduce infrastructure costs. A cybersecurity specialist may prevent costly data breaches.  Because technology professionals directly contribute to business growth, efficiency, and profitability, companies are willing to pay higher salaries for their expertise.

3. Limited Supply of Specialised Skills 

There are a number of IT careers that demand a specific technical expertise that can only be acquired after years of training. Experts frequently have to learn:

• Programming languages
• Database management
• Network architecture
• Cybersecurity principles
• Cloud platforms
• Data analysis tools
• Artificial intelligence technologies

Technology evolves quickly as well. In some fields, knowledge stays more or less constant, but in IT, it is necessary to be constantly learning new tools, frameworks and technologies to stay relevant. This continuous investment in learning adds value to skilled technology professionals.

4. The global nature of IT work.

Technology is an international business. A proficient software engineer in one country can serve clients or companies from all over the globe. The remote working trend has also opened up opportunities for organisations to recruit staff from around the world.

Companies compete internationally for skilled employees, so wages may be determined by international market rates and not just domestic rates. This worldwide competition is a factor in increased pay for many tech positions.

5. Digital Transformation Is Increasing Everywhere

Digital transformation is the process of incorporating technology into business. Companies are using digital tools today for:

• Customer service
• Sales and marketing
• Supply chain management
• Financial operations
• Data analysis
• Employee collaboration

With the growing digitization of businesses, technology teams are growing in significance. Organisations are ready to pay top dollar for IT professionals who can spearhead digital initiatives and enhance business performance.

6. High Responsibility and Business Risk

A lot of IT professionals have systems that are vital to business operations.

For example:

A cyber security expert safeguards sensitive client information.

A cloud engineer is responsible for the infrastructure that supports business applications.

The database administrator is responsible for the valuable information of the company.

A software architect is responsible for designing systems that are used by thousands or millions of people.

Errors in these areas can lead to substantial financial or legal losses or damage to reputation. This is a responsibility that often leads to higher pay for organisations to attract experienced professionals.

7. Innovation is the key to competitive advantage.

One of the main factors of innovation is technology. Those that create more secure software, more robust cybersecurity systems, smarter AI tools, or more efficient digital services may have a competitive edge over their competitors. For this reason, companies spend a lot of money on the best technology talent as innovation can directly affect market success. This attitude towards paying for innovation keeps wages high throughout the IT industry.

What are the highest-paying IT careers?

Some of the best-paying IT jobs include:

Artificial Intelligence Engineer

AI engineers create intelligent systems that can automate tasks, analyse data, and enhance decision-making. The rise in AI has led to a surge in demand for these experts.

Data Scientist

Data scientists provide organisations with insights into complex data and make informed decisions based on these insights.

Cybersecurity Specialist

With the growing threat of cyber attacks, businesses are turning to experts to safeguard their systems and data.

Cloud Engineer

Cloud engineers operate platforms that enable modern applications, storage and computing resources.

Software Architect

Software architects are responsible for creating large scale systems and leading technical development strategies for organisations.

Are all IT jobs lucrative?

Not every IT job pays out a ton of money. Entry-level positions can pay moderately, particularly for those who are not experienced. But, in technology, career progression can be more rapid than in other industries.

Over time, those who continually strive to improve their skills and experience can make a huge difference in their earning potential.

Specializations like artificial intelligence, cloud computing, cybersecurity, and data science tend to provide better salary growth prospects.

Is IT a good career?

The IT industry provides some benefits to many people:

• Strong earning potential
• High job demand
• Global career opportunities
• Flexible work arrangements
• Continuous learning opportunities
• Long-term career growth

But, success in technology also demands adaptability, problem solving skills, and a commitment to continuous learning as technology changes.

IT careers can be rewarding both professionally and financially for those who like to work with technology, solve problems, and learn new skills.

How to Pursue a Career in the IT Field?

The first step to a successful career in IT is selecting the right academic course and acquiring the necessary technical skills required for the digital economy. Students may opt for courses like BCA, B.Tech, B.Sc IT, MCA, M.Tech, or M.Sc to develop expertise in areas like software development, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, cloud computing, data analytics, and emerging technologies. 

The Global Computer Science Entrance Test (GCSET) is a national-level entrance exam for technology aspirants, which is one of the best ways to start this journey. GCSET gives students a chance to get admission to top partner universities and computer science courses and evaluate their aptitude, technical knowledge and problem solving skills. 

As India is projected to have more than 2.3 million technology jobs by 2027 and the global demand for skilled professionals is growing, taking the GCSET exam can be the initial step towards a promising and future-oriented career in the dynamic field of computer science and information technology that provides access to over 100 top universities in India. 

What Should Aspirants Know?

The IT field pays more because technology has become essential to modern business success. Organisations rely on skilled professionals to build software, secure systems, manage data, drive innovation, and support digital transformation. Combined with strong demand, specialised expertise, global opportunities, and business impact, these factors contribute to higher salaries across the technology sector.

For students and professionals considering future career options, IT remains one of the most promising fields, offering strong earning potential, career growth, and opportunities to work on technologies that shape the future.

When students search for the salary of Sc Agriculture, they are mostly seeking a single solution: Can this degree really help them earn ₹1 lakh per month? The answer is yes. But likely not in the way most students think.

The most common misconception about agriculture education is that it only results in a limited number of traditional farming careers. This might have been the case decades ago. Agriculture is one of the most rapidly changing sectors in India today, and is at the crossroads of technology, business, sustainability and food security.

The top earners among the graduates are not necessarily in the fields. They are running agribusiness, creating agricultural technologies, analysing farm data, working in food supply chains, leading research projects or developing their own businesses.

That's why the question is no longer if a B.Sc Agriculture graduate can earn ₹1 lakh per month. The real question is how quickly they can reach that level.

The Salary Reality After B.Sc Agriculture

After completing their degree, most fresh graduates do not get ₹1 lakh per month. Entry-level salaries generally range between ₹3 lakh and ₹6 lakh per annum, depending on the employer, location, skills and role. Students who are able to get jobs in agribusiness firms, agri-input firms, food processing firms or agri-tech startups can get better packages than the average. 

There are very few professional degrees that pay six figures on the first day of work. But there is one difference in agriculture, and agriculture is not that exclusive. But there are several avenues for growth in the sector, and some of these can result in significant income within a couple of years.

Why Agriculture Is No Longer Just About Farming

India's agriculture sector is undergoing a major transformation. The industry is undergoing a rapid transformation due to climate change, population growth, food security and technological advancements. Crop monitoring using drones. AI is assisting in yield prediction. Data analytics is helping to make farms more efficient. Technology is addressing longstanding agricultural issues for startups.

Consequently, there is a growing demand for workers who have knowledge of agriculture and contemporary business methods. This change has opened up opportunities that were not available to agriculture graduates 10 years ago.

The jobs that are likely to cross ₹1 lakh mark

After BSc Agriculture, students think that government jobs are the only stable jobs. Government jobs are still valued but not the only way to make money. At least not anymore. 

Agribusiness management is one of the most promising career choices. The transition from a job in procurement, supply chain management, agricultural marketing and rural business development to a leadership role often brings a substantial salary jump.

With the advent of agri-tech, another high growth trajectory has emerged. Graduates with a background in agriculture and technology are increasingly needed in companies involved in precision farming, digital agriculture, farm automation and agricultural analytics.

There is also a high earning potential for agricultural consultants, research professionals and product managers in agricultural companies. Many professionals in these fields make more than ₹1 lakh per month, especially if they specialize in their work.

The secret to success that most students miss out on

The degree itself is not the only factor that affects salary: Skills. Two students may be awarded the same B.Sc Agriculture degree and take totally different career paths.

One can be in entry-level jobs for years, the other can be promoted quickly to higher-paid jobs. The distinction is frequently one of the skills they acquire in addition to their degree.

The employability of graduates can be significantly enhanced by knowledge of agribusiness, agricultural marketing, data analysis, precision farming, GIS technologies, farm management systems and agricultural supply chains. Employers are now willing to pay for skills and knowledge, not just qualifications.

Can higher studies boost your salary?

In many cases, yes. Many agriculture graduates go on to study at postgraduate level to enhance their employment opportunities.

An M.Sc Agriculture can lead to research, academic and specialised technical careers. An MBA in Agribusiness Management often leads to managerial positions in agricultural corporations, food companies and rural development organisations.

Advanced qualifications can provide opportunities that are not available at the undergraduate level for students interested in innovation and research. A higher education is not required to be successful, but it can help to speed up career progression if it is paired with a clear objective.

The Entrepreneurship Opportunity Few Degrees Offer

The most interesting thing about agriculture is that it has something that many professional degrees don't. The opportunity to become an entrepreneur within the same industry. There are many business opportunities in the sector, ranging from organic farming and protected cultivation to food processing, agri-consulting and agricultural exports.

The startup ecosystem in India has also given rise to the interest of investors in agriculture-related startups. Youth are establishing successful businesses in the areas of farm technology, sustainable agriculture, supply chain innovation and agricultural services. Entrepreneurship is a risky business, but it can also be one of the most lucrative in the industry.

How to pursue B.Sc Agriculture for a high salary?

The way to graduate matters a lot if you are considering a high salary. It becomes highly significant 

So, Can B.Sc Agriculture Lead to a ₹1 Lakh Salary?

Yes, not as a promise, not right after graduation, but definitely as a realistic career goal.

The students who make that income are typically those who don't consider agriculture to be a traditional profession, but rather a modern industry. They keep learning, embrace new technologies, build business acumen and seek out growth opportunities.

The world of agriculture is evolving quickly, as are the career opportunities. If students are willing to develop expertise and think outside the box, a B.Sc Agriculture can be worth so much more than it is. In a nation where agriculture is still a key part of the economy, that value will only continue to increase over the coming years.

Thousands of students prepare for law entrance exams for months every year. They purchase several books, save countless study resources, watch hours of online lectures and make elaborate timetables. However, there are still many who have not been able to boost their scores. It's not always a lack of effort, in most cases, it's a lack of strategy.

One of the popular ways to prepare for law entrance exams like CLAT, AILET, SLAT, AICLET, and other law admission tests is the 80/20 Rule for Gen Z students. Instead of studying everything equally, the 80/20 approach focuses on identifying the small number of topics that contribute to the majority of exam performance.

What Is the 80/20 Rule?

The 80/20 Rule, or Pareto Principle, states that 80% of the results are typically derived from 20% of the efforts. For law entrance exam preparation, it involves knowing the sections and skills that are always given the highest marks and spending the most time preparing for them.

Students spend hours learning and memorising facts that don't show up in the entrance exams again. The better strategy is to start with the topics that have the greatest impact on scores.

Where Most Students Lose Marks

Law entrance exams are not about memorizing. Instead, they test:

• Reading comprehension
• Logical reasoning
• Legal aptitude
• Critical thinking
• General awareness
• Time management

Students devote excessive time to learning legal vocabulary and not enough time to developing their reading speed and reasoning skills. Surprisingly, the reading and reasoning skills can affect performance in several parts of the test.

The Reading Habit That Top Law Aspirants Follow

Reading for 30-45 minutes daily is one of the easiest preparation hacks. This can include:

• Editorials
• Summaries of Supreme Court judgments.
• Policy discussions
• Legal news
• Current affairs analysis

The aim is not only to acquire information but for developing faster reading speed, better comprehension, stronger vocabulary, and analytical thinking. These skills are directly applicable to almost all parts of a law entrance exam.

Why Current Affairs is more important than students think.

Current affairs is no longer a distinct preparation area. Many contemporary law entrance exams are becoming more and more linked to legal reasoning and reading passages and current events.

Students should regularly follow: 

• Constitutional developments
• Important Supreme Court judgments
• Parliament sessions
• International affairs
• Public policy developments

It is much better to build up awareness over the year rather than trying to cram months of current affairs before the exam.

Mock Tests Are the Real Preparation

A common error that many aspirants make is postponing the mock tests till the last few weeks. In fact, mock tests should start much earlier because they enable students to understand question patterns, improve time management, identify weak areas, build exam temperament,

and alleviate examination anxiety. It is also recommended by experts to go through the mistakes made in the mock test, as it helps in the preparation. 

The Biggest Gen Z Advantage

Today's students have access to something that older generations didn’t have– information. From online learning platforms, to legal news websites, digital current affairs resources, AI-powered study tools, and practice portals, everything is there just a click away. But the more resources, the better preparation is not necessarily the case. Successful students tend to use fewer resources more effectively, rather than dozens of study materials that they never finish. Consistency is often better than too much information.

A simple weekly law entrance preparation strategy

Students can have a balanced weekly schedule:

• Daily reading practice
• Current affairs revision
• Logical reasoning exercises
• One or two tests of the sections.
• Weekly full-length mock test
• Detailed mistake analysis

This way, they can gradually enhance their performance without getting burnt out.

What must  students know

The most common error that students make in preparing for law entrance exams is that they think that the more they study, the more they will be successful. In fact, success is often achieved by studying smarter.

The best students are not necessarily the ones working the longest hours at their desks. They tend to be the ones that read and think about the right things, practise regularly, and develop their reading and reasoning ability over time.

The 80/20 Rule might not be a quick fix for Gen Z law aspirants, but it could be one of the best strategies to prepare for a competitive law entrance exam in 2026.

A career that begins with curiosity, creativity and desire, is the career worth everything. People struggle to find their passion, so if you know you are a creative person, pursuing a design course is the best.  

However, for thousands of students who want to go for a Bachelor of Design (B.Des), the biggest hurdle  is not loss of interest , it's finding the right institute and the right way to get quality design education.

There are dozens of design colleges, several entrance exams and various admission procedures, and it's easy to get lost. That is why, All India Design Aptitude Test (AIDAT) is getting popularity among the design aspirants of India. AIDAT is a national level online design entrance test designed to ease the path to design education and bridge the gap between students and the top design institutes and programmes.

What Is AIDAT?

All India Design Aptitude Test (AIDAT) is a national level design entrance test designed for students who want to get admission in the diploma, undergraduate and post graduate design courses of the participating institutes in India.

AIDAT is a unified platform that integrates examination, counselling, career guidance and admission support, eliminating the need for students to submit multiple applications and meet various deadlines.

The platform is intended for students who are interested in different design fields such as:

• Graphic Design
• Fashion Design
• Interior Design
• Product Design
• Communication Design
• UX and Digital Design

Other creative and design related areas

AIDAT has over 100 participating design institutes and over 300 design programmes available, this is why design aspirants in India are taking this test and earning eligibility for all the top partner universities like Graphic Era university, The Design Village, Silver Oak University, etc. 

The design industry has undergone a significant transformation in the last ten years. Today, designers are the one who design:

• digital products,
• mobile applications,
• brands,
• retail experiences,
• interiors,
• fashion collections,
• and even artificial intelligence interfaces.

As a result, design education is no longer limited to a few specialised institutes.

Students today have more choices of universities and careers than ever before.

Meanwhile, students are becoming more inclined towards online admission systems that minimize travel, paperwork and logistical issues. AIDAT follows this trend by holding its entrance examination online, where candidates can appear with their mobile phone, laptop or desktop.

What is the difference between AIDAT?

Most of the design entrance tests only test aptitude. AIDAT tries to help students after the exams. The platform offers:

• Free one-on-one career counseling ,
• industry awareness,
• counselling support,
• portfolio guidance,
• interview preparation,
• and admission assistance.

This can be helpful for students who have an interest in a creative career, but have not yet determined which design specialisation is the right fit for them.

What is the AIDAT Admission Process?

The AIDAT process is a structured process:

• Visit the official website of AIDAT
• Fill the registration form
• Pay exam free (2000rs)
• Take the Exam
• Download the result from the official portal
• Enroll for Counselling and choose the campus 
• Pay the college provisional fee for admission 

Why is B.Des a Popular Design Degree?

A Bachelor of Design (B.Des) is a degree that blends  creativity and career opportunities that continues to draw students. Graduates can pursue lucrative careers with salary package of 6-12LPA in: 

• UI/UX Design
• Graphic Design
• Fashion Design
• Product Design
• Interior Design
• Visual Communication
• Brand Design
• Animation and Digital Media

Design thinking and visual storytelling are becoming more and more important in business, and the need for designers is growing in all industries. This gap is now a factual info known by students, which is why B.Des degree is gaining popularity. 

Is AIDAT the Best Online Entrance Test for B.Des Programmes?

This is a question that depends on the student's needs. For those who want to just take an aptitude test, there are a number of design entrance exams in India. However, students looking for a platform that combines design aptitude assessment, offers free career consultation, industry awareness, portfolio support, and access to several participating institutions, AIDAT may be a convenient and student-friendly choice. It is online, has a structured admissions process and emphasizes guidance, which is especially attractive to students who are new to design careers.

Final Thoughts

If you are someone who has completed class 12th and is seeking a career path that honors creativity, you must surely consider B.Des. But remember, selecting a design career is not just about getting into the design institute, it is about creating a place where creativity can flourish, skills can be honed and ideas can become viable careers.

The design industry in India is growing rapidly in technology, fashion, media, interior design and digital experience and students require admission processes that are accessible, informative and relevant to today's career aspirations. This is why AIDAT is becoming one of the first steps in the journey of many aspiring designers. So, enroll now and begin your journey. 

The technology industry is evolving at a rate that outpaces most degree programs. AI is transforming workplaces, cyber threats are increasing, and companies around the globe are looking for proficient software engineers. However, after Class 12, thousands of students still ask the same question: How to get admission to a good computer science programme?

The positive side is that students don't have to depend on the conventional admission channels. In the present times, a number of institutions provide online entrance exams, which have made the admission process more accessible, flexible and student friendly.

In this list, the Global Computer Science Entrance Test (GCSET) has become one of the special national level entrance tests designed specifically for students wishing to pursue careers in computer science and technology.

Is it possible to get admission to computer science by taking an online entrance test?

Yes.In higher education, online entrance exams are becoming more prevalent. Online tests are now used by universities and admission bodies to assess a student's aptitude, analytical skills, logical reasoning and preparedness for technology-based courses.

The most significant benefit is convenience. Students are able to take the examination from their own device without having to travel far to examination centres. Online tests also offer quick processing, easy admissions and greater access to education.

Top Online Entrance Tests for Computer Science

Students exploring computer science admissions may come across:

• Online entrance tests conducted by the university.
• Engineering admission examinations
• Institutional aptitude assessments
• National-level computer science entrance examinations

Most of these exams, however, are for general academic groups. GCSET is a specialised pathway for students who are particularly interested in computer science, artificial intelligence, cyber security, cloud computing, data science and software development, and is based entirely on technology education.

What Is GCSET?

Global Computer Science Entrance Test (GCSET) is a national level entrance test conducted by Edinbox for students who want to get admission in the undergraduate and postgraduate computer science programs.

The purpose of the examination is to detect students who have a high aptitude, logical thinking, technical potential and problem solving ability necessary for success in the modern computing career. GCSET is not a general admission test, but rather tests skills that are directly applicable to technology-based education and future digital careers.

Why GCSET Can be an Ideal Choice

1. Fully Online Examination: The exam is accessible from anywhere as students can appear using a mobile phone, laptop or desktop.
2. Tests Skills: Employers are increasingly seeking candidates who are able to analyse problems, think logically and adapt to new technologies. GCSET assesses these fundamental skills that are necessary for success in computer science.
3. Better Options: Students can explore admission opportunities in specialised fields such as:

• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Learning
• Data Science
• Cyber Security
• Cloud Computing
• Information Technology
• Software Development
• Full Stack Development
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Data Analytics

1. No Negative Marking: Students are afraid of taking entrance exams due to the marking system. GCSET eliminates this fear by not marking any questions negatively, so that candidates can attempt the questions with greater confidence.
2. Counselling and Admission Support: Students are given free career counselling before the exam, and admission support after the examination to help them choose appropriate courses and institutions according to their interests and academic objectives.

Courses Via GCSET 

Undergraduate Programmes

Students may investigate programmes like:

• B.Tech Computer Science and Engineering
• B.Tech Artificial Intelligence
• B.Tech Cyber Security
• B.Tech Data Science
• B.Tech Cloud Computing
• BCA
• BCA Artificial Intelligence
• BCA Cyber Security
• BCA Data Analytics
• B.Sc Computer Science
• B.Sc Artificial Intelligence
• B.Sc Information Technology
• B.Sc Data Science

Postgraduate Programmes

Candidates can also choose to study:

• MCA Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
• MCA Cyber Security
• MCA Data Science
• M.Tech Computer Science and Engineering
• M.Sc Computer Science
• M.Sc Artificial Intelligence
• M.Sc Data Science
• M.Sc Information Technology

What Will Computer Science Look Like in 2027?

Computer science is still one of the fastest growing career fields in the world. Over the next few years, the industry is projected to create a lot of job opportunities in fields like artificial intelligence, cyber security, software engineering, cloud technologies, and data analytics, among others, as noted by GCSET.

Organisations in the digital age are increasingly looking for individuals who can create digital solutions, manage data, secure systems and support innovation. This trend is still continuing and computer science is one of the most promising academic options for students after Class 12.

Should You Take GCSET?

GCSET might be a good choice for students seeking a dedicated online entrance exam for computer science and emerging technologies. It is online, has a focus on specialised technology, covers a wide range of programmes, is no-negative-marking and has counselling support, making it especially relevant for students who are considering a career in the digital economy.

What Should Aspirants Know?

The future will be for those who understand technology, not just how to use it, but how to create it, enhance it and protect it.

GCSET offers a structured and technology-driven route to some of the most sought-after fields today for students looking for an online entrance test for computer science admission. From AI to software engineering, cyber security to data science, the journey to success in these fields often starts with selecting the right entrance exam.

Are YouTube Teachers Teaching for Fame, or Because They Remember What It Felt Like to Struggle? The recent controversy between journalist Anjana Om Kashyap and some of the top YouTube educators has once again put the online education landscape in India under the spotlight. 

The debate has been mostly about whether YouTube teachers value views over knowledge, but a more profound and intriguing question has emerged:Why did YouTube teachers become so reliable in the first place? 

It's not the number of subscribers, viral videos or social media trends; the reasons why millions of students trust online educators is not something that can be understood from the screen but rather from the realities of Indian education itself, where access has often been based on geography, affordability and circumstance.

YouTube teachers are not just teachers for many students, they are opportunities that were not available to previous generations. And this is why these teachers are being chosen over anyone else. 

The Students Who Could Not Afford Coaching

In India, quality education for decades was often expensive and many families could not afford it. Coaching institutes started to be associated with competitive exams, special study material and costly classroom programmes, leaving a divide between students who could afford these and those who could not.

A student from Delhi, Kota or Hyderabad would have more opportunities than a student from a remote village or small town. There was talent everywhere, but access was not.

YouTube education in India changed all that. A student who was studying for UPSC, NEET, JEE, SSC or Banking exams could suddenly learn from experienced teachers without paying coaching fees sometimes in the tens of thousands of rupees. What began as free educational videos gradually evolved into one of the largest learning movements the country has witnessed.

Why do students feel a personal connection with online teachers?

YouTube teachers are so beloved because many students see themselves in the struggles of these teachers.

Many of India's most popular online teachers are from humble beginnings. There are many who have openly discussed learning with meager resources, travelling far for learning, borrowing books or preparing for exams without elite coaching institutes.

These experiences affect their teaching, either intentionally or unintentionally. They frequently teach as if they were talking to a friend. Their guidance is not just academic, it's about motivation, confidence and perseverance. Students are not just consumers of content, they are creators of trust. This trust is what makes it so easy to get a response to criticism of an online educator, compared to criticism of a regular internet personality.

Fame Was a Result, Not the Starting Point

There's little doubt that fame is a factor in the current digital education landscape. Some teachers have emerged as national celebrities, with millions of subscribers and brands that rival the big media. But it was not always the beginning of fame.

The majority of effective learning pathways started with a simple concept: to make knowledge available to learners who needed it. Many popular teachers' earliest videos were recorded with little equipment, poor production quality and little assurance of success. But they were not sophisticated, they were accessible. Students responded because they felt these teachers were addressing real problems rather than merely creating content. The fame came later.

The Criticism Is Not Entirely Wrong

Meanwhile, the controversy over Anjana Om Kashyap's comments should not be ignored. With the growth of online learning, the commercial potential grew as well. The educational channels turned into businesses. The number of subscribers became marketable assets. Free lessons evolved into paid courses, subscription models and large-scale learning platforms.

Educators who started with free content now charge up to, and sometimes more than, coaching institutes for premium programmes. Some critics say that the industry has become more marketing, branding and revenue oriented. 

That's a fair statement. As with all successful industries, commercial interests have been drawn to the growth of online education. But is it wrong? Of course not, because if there’s no money, people would be compelled to not take such good-cause initiatives. Additionally, it is not harming students. 

The Bigger Story Is Still About Access

While the emphasis on commercialisation is important, it is essential to not forget the bigger change that YouTube teachers have introduced in Indian education. Thousands of teachers keep uploading free lectures, revision classes, current affairs discussions and exam strategies to the site every day, and students who may never buy a paid course are still benefiting from it. Many of these teachers work outside the spotlight, but their content is delivered to learners in areas where educational resources are scarce.

A free YouTube lecture can be more useful to a student who is studying for a government exam in a rural area than any discussion about the business of online learning. That's why so many students still stand up for digital educators even in the face of criticism.

The distinction between influence and impact

The debate also brings up a key difference. Views, subscribers and social media engagement are used to measure influence. The impact is measured by lives changed, examinations cleared and opportunities created.

There are some YouTube teachers who clearly have influence. The real question is if they make an impact. Based on the millions of students who attribute their admission to universities and competitive exams to online teachers, and their access to quality learning, the answer seems to be yes.

Not all teachers are great, and not all channels are reliable. As with any ecosystem, there are true contributors and opportunists in online education. The difficulty for students is to differentiate between the two. And genz + gen alpha are  smart enough to differentiate, unlike the older generations. 

Perhaps the Answer Is Both

It's not necessarily easy to answer whether YouTube teachers are teaching for fame or because they recall their struggles.

There are definitely some who are driven by recognition, influence and business growth. Others seem to be motivated by a sincere wish to make education more accessible than it was to them when they were students. Most likely, many are somewhere in between those two extremes.

The influence they have had on Indian education cannot be denied.  YouTube teachers are not famous, and that's not why millions of students continue to trust them. It is because for so many students nationwide, these teachers came when they needed someone to guide them at a time when it was hard to find someone to help them.

Maybe that's why this debate is so resonant. For every viral teacher, every trending controversy and every social media argument, there is a student who just wanted a fair chance to learn and make the most out of the accessibility the internet brings. 

New research warns that viral myths and fake news pose a critical danger to global safety efforts.

Boslough at Asteroid Day in Luxembourg. (Cover Image Source: University of New Mexico)

Raising alarm about the rapid spread of misinformation and disinformation on digital platforms, a team of researchers led by astrophysicist Mark Boslough from the University of New Mexico recently published a comprehensive review examining the current media landscape, which comprises multiple actors, including legacy media, influencers, AI, etc. According to the scientists, although the use of the internet and digital platforms has made it easier to access information, it has also allowed the rise of channels through which AI slop, internet clickbait, and sensationalized stories overflow.

A part of the Quick report prepared by NASA on 13 May 2024 (Representative Image Source- NASA)

On May 13, 2024, a quick look report was prepared by NASA on "planetary defense exercise" as a preventive measure. This was a drill for preparedness that takes place biennially to check the readiness of scientists and government agencies in case they had to respond to a fictional asteroid threat scenario. The exercise was not based on any real asteroid that was predicted to strike our planet. But bits and pieces of information from the simulation quickly turned into sensationalized online claims that were spread through X, Facebook, Reddit and other platforms. Apart from factual errors, the post's viral post implied that NASA had given a frightening alert about the 88-foot asteroid that might collide with Earth. This eventually led to mass panic, misunderstandings, and the spreading of rumors about Earth's possible end. On June 20, 2024, NASA clarified that there are currently no known significant asteroid threats to Earth in the foreseeable future, stressing that the widely shared impact claim was false and unrelated to any real-world danger.

Even though NASA made a public statement that there are 'no known significant asteroid threats,' it was too late for the false story that had already been exposed to a huge number of people. For Boslough and his co-authors, this incident is an illustration of how modern digital ecosystems can very rapidly alter scientific information before the experts have an opportunity to clarify or make corrections. The authors of this paper also pointed out that open access publishing, poorly reviewed content, influencers, etc. are some of the factors that have contributed to the situation in which lies can be circulated worldwide in a matter of hours.

The article discusses the different ways of misinformation that can come about and even continue. In fact, some rumors tend to spread rapidly during newscasts that are still unfolding. The authors highlighted the cases of false reports of an asteroid hitting the Earth as well as pseudoscientific hypotheses that propose such things as alien spacecraft orbits being interstellar objects or comet attacks annihilating ancient civilizations. Researchers cautioned that communication itself has become an element of planetary defense. Boslough will likely be presenting at the Geological Society of America meeting in Albuquerque about the research and its importance in communicating planetary defense. 

Indian youth are going viral on social media calling themselves "a cockroach" while supporting the Cockroach Janata Party. India never imagined that the word “cockroach” would become a youth movement.

But in a matter of days, after a widely circulated and much debated interpretation of remarks attributed to the Chief Justice of India, social media was abuzz with youngsters who were calling themselves just that. Initially, the internet had it as another silly meme. After that, the numbers were too big to ignore.

The digital community, dubbed the “Cockroach Janata Party,” reportedly reached over 40,000 active members and nearly 80,000 sign-ups in just three days. Instagram pages were suddenly created.Instagram pages were suddenly created. Telegram groups multiplied. Memes travel faster than explanations ever could.

However, there was a sad sincerity to the satire. Young Indians were not celebrating cockroaches. They were talking about the modern survival experience.

The Internet has finally given a name to Emotional Exhaustion

A cockroach is just a tiny creature trying to survive… Poison, heat, hunger, neglect, it still lives in a place no one should be forced to live. Hence the metaphor struck a chord and the literate youth of India came up bold revealing truth, showing reality, discussing necessary topics, and using humor to convey without offending. 

For years, students and young professionals have been living under a pressure system that doesn't stop long enough to consider whether they are emotionally coping or not. Competitive exams start early. Expectations come even sooner. Many young people are exhausted by the time they reach the end of university, and they look older than they are.

This generation learns and lives in fear of joblessness. Works while being afraid of being replaced. Sleeps with a fear of time slipping away. Even when resting, they feel guilty that someone else is going faster online. And so the jokes began.

Gradually, it transformed, the internet is flooding with it. People are commenting, sharing their miseries and supporting the CJP. One of the relatable comments said: “Still alive after 5 entrance exams and 3 panic attacks. Certified cockroach.” The sentence is fun, but between the lines is the pain Genz is holding.

The ‘Cockroach Janata Party’ Is Not About Politics

The ‘Cockroach Janata Party’ is not a real political party, it was a satirical comment that became viral. At first, the name felt absurd and people started sharing it for fun. However, in a matter of days the “Cockroach Janata Party” became a sign of something more than just internet humour, psychologically. Youth are reclaiming an insult and making it into a collective identity. And that act has power!

Users started using the term “cockroaches” on social media, not in a sense of pride, but in the sense that they are stuck in survival mode. The symbol represents a generation that is constantly adapting, but is not emotionally rewarded for it.

Students took the opportunity to discuss the pressure of exams. Young workers associated it with unhealthy work environments and burnout. Others talked about job cuts, inconsistent pay, coaching culture, poor job interviews, increasing living expenses, and the fatigue of constant competition with no guarantee of security. It was spread because it brought together people who felt isolated in the same struggle.

Young India Is Tired in a Way Older Systems Do Not Fully Understand

Indian youth life is a lonely life in particular. It's hard to explain, because, on the surface, everything seems ambitious and productive.

Growth, startups, innovation and the quest to become a global powerhouse are the topics that are on everyone's lips in the country. Social media is a place where hustle is rewarded:

• LinkedIn rewards achievement 
• Families reward stability
• Coaching industries pay for ranks

But WHO pays for emotional survival? 

The young Indians of today are juggling several timelines in their minds. They need to get good grades fast, make money early, be tech-savvy, be mentally tough, support their families, keep their relationships, develop careers, constantly learn new things, and somehow be grateful all the way.

Fear has become a way of life: 

• Concern about test failure.
• Parents' expectations.
• Worry about being financially irrelevant.
• The worry of not having a home.
• Fear of missing out
• Worry about falling behind friends who are “settled”.

Even happiness is now programmed against productivity! That's why so many young people saw themselves in the cockroach metaphor. It was a sign of strength, not weakness, but of constant adaptation in the face of pressure.

Gen Z Uses Humour the Way Previous Generations Used Protest

The older generation sometimes voiced their discontent in speeches, rallies or organised movements. Collective anxiety is handled differently by Gen Z. It translates pain into internet language first.

Emotional shorthand is the reason why memes have become so commonplace; it's easier to be vulnerable directly than it is online. Irony is a distancing from pain, but also a public exposure of pain. That's exactly what happened here.

The “Cockroach Generation” trend went viral because it managed to make emotional exhaustion visible in a non-dramatic way. Beneath the jocularity there were serious discussions about:

• student suicides
• exam pressure
• unemployment
• burnout
• unstable careers
• declining mental health
• social comparison
• economic insecurity

This was not only meme culture, nope, not at all. It was emotional information! For the first time in years, Indian youth discovered a language that was more truthful about survival than motivational culture.

Universities Cannot Ignore This Emotional Shift Anymore

There is one uncomfortable truth that lies under this moment: many students don't feel emotionally safe in the systems that are supposed to prepare them for life.

Universities talk a lot about placements, rankings and academic performance. Much less attention is given to emotional resilience, career confusion, identity anxiety, or psychological burnout. However, these issues are increasingly influencing student life on campuses.

There is no need for grand speeches about youth empowerment at this time of institutions. They require hands-on empathy. Edinbox has already started to ‘Be The Change’ in order to bring the change, but that’s not enough. All the universities, teachers, professors, policymakers as well as ministers must start the ground level changes. 

Students require accessible counselling support, realistic career guidance, healthier academic pressure systems,,conversations around failure and uncertainty, industry exposure before graduation, and an environment where asking for help is not treated as weakness. 

A generation raised inside constant competition cannot continue surviving only on motivational slogans. Indian Youth have had enough push but direction? support? That’s what they actually need. Young people are not machines that can be made to run forever. After a while, emotional fatigue turns into educational fatigue.

Policymakers Need to Understand That Anxiety Is Becoming Structural

The frustration of the youth is not just a product of one problem in India. It is emerging from the instability that has built up in the education, employment and social expectation systems.

The competitive exams become tougher every year. The delays in recruitment are still continuing for the aspirants. Starting wages frequently don't keep up with the cost of living in the city. In the meantime, digital culture is continually amplifying comparison and pressure. The result is mental fatigue on a massive scale.

The discussion of youth development policy often centers on skills, innovation and employability, which are all relevant fields. Emotional wellbeing is often not given the same priority. For too many students and young workers, mental health support is not available, particularly in non-metropolitan settings.

The “Cockroach Generation” trend isn't just a reaction to the internet. It is a warning message that is coming out through humour because traditional language is no longer adequate. And to be brutally honest, if a whole generation starts thinking about survival instead of aspirations, there is something going on in the social sphere.

The Most Disturbing Part Is How Normal This Exhaustion Has Become

The worst thing about this trend is not the rage, it is the normality. There are too many young Indians who have already come to believe that exhaustion is a part of adulthood; anxiety is treated as ambition, burnout is mistaken for discipline, emotional numbness is sold as maturity. But people keep moving because they think it's unsafe to stop.

That's why the cockroach became a strong symbol on the internet. It caught a generation that cannot be killed, but seldom gave them a chance to sleep. Young people are surviving all that is thrown at them, but survival is becoming an empty victory.

In between the memes, the sarcasm and the dark humour, Indian youth admitted something it has been hiding for years. It's fed up with pretending everything is okay. They aren’t supporting any party, to be specific, they are raising awareness. 

As literate citizens, it is our duty to read between the lines and not let any propaganda or misinformation sway the way of change that this cockroach generation has started. And it is worth noting that perhaps the most unsettling part of this entire episode is that an entire generation had to compare itself to a creature known only for survival before society finally stopped and listened.

Contemporary leadership education is quietly reshaping classrooms, and not everyone is comfortable with it. Some are appreciating the move while some are expressing concerns about manipulation and perspective shifts. What began as a few case studies in business schools is now becoming part of mainstream academic design by making its place in the syllabus. 

Institutions are pushing forward with the leadership curriculum 2026, and a deeper question is emerging: Should contemporary leadership be taught in classrooms, or are we stepping into territory that education was never meant to occupy?

This is now no longer a discussion to have during a tea break especially after the recent big move by a university in Gujarat that has mandated a module on one living leader. This has triggered conversations across academic circles about neutrality, influence, and the purpose of higher education. It’s time to understand and openly talk about how universities define relevance, responsibility, and the future of learning.

Why Contemporary Leadership Has Entered the Curriculum

The rise of contemporary leadership education reflects a simple reality. Students are already observing leadership every day. They see it in startups, in public life, in digital spaces, and in the way influence operates around them. The classroom has only just begun to catch up but to bring it in the syllabus, and this shift is visible in 2026. 

Courses are moving beyond fixed theories and are introducing a modern leadership syllabus that studies real decisions made in real time. Students are asked to analyse leaders who are still active, whose outcomes are still unfolding.

In contemporary leadership classrooms India, this change feels even more urgent. The pace of economic and entrepreneurial growth has created a demand for graduates who can think, adapt, and lead under uncertainty. This is closely tied to broader university curriculum trends 2026, where relevance is no longer optional. At its best, this approach bridges the gap between what students learn and what they will face.

Learning Becomes Thinking

The strongest case for contemporary leadership education lies in what it does to the way students think. It changes the role of education from delivering information to shaping judgment.

Within higher education pedagogy, this is a significant shift. When institutions focus on teaching leadership skills, they are not teaching students to follow leaders. They are asking them to question decisions, weigh consequences, and understand complexity.

This strengthens the critical thinking curriculum in a way that traditional methods rarely achieve. Students begin to ask better questions. They learn to sit with uncertainty instead of searching for quick answers.

For those exploring leadership skills after 12th, this becomes a foundation rather than an add-on. It also connects directly to employability skills university outcomes. Employers today are not just looking for knowledge. They are looking for clarity in decision-making.

Reports around WEF future jobs skills consistently highlight leadership, adaptability, and problem-solving as essential. When viewed through that lens, the inclusion of leadership in formal education feels less like an experiment and more like an adjustment that was overdue.

The Core Tension

The academic leadership debate is not about whether leadership matters. It is about how it is taught. Here is where the tension becomes visible:

When teaching living leaders university models are introduced, the complexity increases. Unlike historical figures, contemporary leaders come with ongoing narratives and strong public opinions. This raises valid concerns about bias in leadership education.

The classroom, ideally, is a space for inquiry. The risk is that it may slowly become a space for influence if not handled with care.

Where the Debate Turns Real

The resistance to contemporary leadership education is rooted in a genuine concern. When current figures are discussed, neutrality becomes harder to maintain.

This is where the leadership curriculum 2026 faces its real test. If the structure is weak, the consequences are clear. Students may begin to absorb perspectives instead of analysing them. Discussions may lean toward agreement rather than exploration. Leadership may be reduced to personality instead of process.

At the same time, removing contemporary context entirely creates a different problem. It produces graduates who understand theories but struggle to apply them. The issue is not the presence of leadership studies. It is the absence of balance.

Role of Teachers, Professors & Stakeholders

The current leadership education discussion exists as a responsibility question which educators and academic leaders must address. The responsibility of teachers consists of establishing learning environments which enable students to conduct independent critical analysis of various concepts. The need for neutrality within educational environments reaches its highest point when modern classrooms implement leadership training programs.

The educational system must prioritize factual information together with contextual details and impartial evaluation of information irrespective of its connection to contemporary leadership education or its use in higher education teaching methods. Students should experience various viewpoints and opposing viewpoints together with all facts instead of being exposed to specific stories. The objective is not to create positive or negative feelings about any person or belief system or organization. The objective exists to achieve understanding.

Curriculum designers together with universities and faculty members must ensure academic neutrality through their selection of study materials which include books and case studies and classroom discussions. The curriculum guides students toward critical thinking skills through its design. The curriculum helps students develop skills to assess information through precise thinking methods.

The educational system gains strength through this method because it establishes trust in educational processes while maintaining the main goal of education which is to create knowledgeable and open-minded students who can think for themselves.

What This Means for the Future

As university curriculum trends 2026 continue to evolve, contemporary leadership education is becoming difficult to ignore. It speaks directly to the kind of world students are entering. 

So, should leadership be taught in classrooms? Yes, but with intention, not as admiration or influence. But as disciplined thinking. Because education, at its core, is not about telling students what to believe but about giving them the ability to decide for themselves. Do you agree? Share your thoughts with us via mail at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. 

The Edinbox Regional Higher Education Summit 2026 Jaipur Edition brought together key stakeholders from across the education sector, witnessing participation from over 150 universities, 2,000 students, and 50 school principals.

The one-day summit brought educators, academic leaders, and students together to discuss emerging higher education trends and career pathways. Designed to bridge the gap between schools and universities, the event focused on helping students make informed academic and professional choices.

Strong Focus on Career Guidance and Competitions

In addition to career counselling sessions, the summit featured five different competitions, encouraging student participation and showcasing talent across various domains. These activities added an interactive dimension to the event, making it more engaging for young attendees.

Platform for Dialogue and Collaboration

The summit facilitated conversations between school leaders, teachers, and higher education institutions on key issues shaping student journeys. With participation from principals and educators, the event highlighted the importance of collaboration in building smoother transitions from school to university.

Exploring Trends in Higher Education

Discussions at the summit revolved around emerging academic trends, evolving career opportunities, and the need to align education with industry demands. Participants exchanged ideas and insights on how institutions can adapt to changing learning environments and student expectations.

Building Future Pathways

By bringing together diverse stakeholders under one roof, the Edinbox summit created opportunities for networking, knowledge exchange, and institutional partnerships. For students, it offered exposure to a wide range of universities and courses, while educators gained insights into the future direction of higher education.

The Jaipur edition of the summit reinforced its role as a key regional platform driving dialogue, innovation, and collaboration in India’s higher education ecosystem.

Education must extend beyond textbooks and lecture halls to remain relevant in today’s fast-evolving world. Speaking at the Edinbox Regional Higher Education Summit 2026 held in Jaipur, Dr Sanjeev Bhanawat stressed the importance of platforms that connect students with real-world developments.

Calling such gatherings “essential,” Dr Bhanawat said events like these help students understand what lies beyond classroom learning. He praised EdInbox for taking a meaningful initiative in creating a space where education meets practical exposure. According to him, such forums play a critical role in bridging the gap between academic knowledge and real-life applications.

The summit brought together educators, policymakers, and experts from diverse fields, fostering a vibrant environment for dialogue and idea exchange. Dr Bhanawat noted that this diversity is key to encouraging meaningful conversations and collective brainstorming. He emphasised that such interactions allow fresh ideas to emerge while expanding the perspectives of both students and educators.

Highlighting the importance of networking, he expressed his interest in engaging with different stakeholders in education. He pointed out that these interactions help build awareness, promote collaboration, and provide clarity on evolving educational challenges.

In his address, Dr Bhanawat urged students to actively participate in such events. He underlined that platforms like the EdInbox Regional Higher Education Summit not only enhance knowledge but also prepare students to become more adaptable and informed individuals in a competitive global landscape.