AICLET

The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes has ordered the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (IIT-B) not to displace tribals of Bhangshila Pada without due process of law.

In its order on May 26, 2025, it also ordered action to be taken under different sections of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act against people who were obstructing the supply of water and electricity and the tribals' access road.

The battle for land ownership between the institution and the tribals commenced in 2007. In Jan this year, IIT-B, citing a Bombay High Court judgment of Jan 2, 2025, declared the tribals were in illegal and unauthorised occupation of land (Survey No. 22 and CTS No. 67) and claimed IIT-B to be the owner of the land. The notice threatened the tribals withforcible eviction in accordance with law for not vacating.

The tribals, therefore, issued a legal notice to the institution stating that they have been in unbroken possession of the land ever since the British period. Two years back, the Sarpanch of the village, Meena Raote, complained to the Commission that in 2007, after a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between IIT-B and the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA), the tribals were held as encroachers and were being forcibly removed. Raote asserted that the property card is in her grandfather's name but there is no basic infrastructure. She added that according to a 2013 biometric survey, the tribal families are being termed encroachers.

The Commission, in 2023, instructed the suburban collector of Mumbai to file a report. In its report, the collector noted that 10,000 square meters of land belonging to IIT-B was purchased for the Jogeshwari-Vikhroli Link Road widening project. 137 slum residents were found in a survey conducted by NGO SPARC in 2010, and 97 accepted rehabilitation while others, including some tribal families, declined.

The Commission had conducted a hearing in May this year and directed a stay against the eviction of the tribals. In another turn of events, the Kurla Tehsildar instructed the BMC not to seal off the entry road to Bhangshila Pada."The Bhangshila Tribal Pada habitations are old and for their minimum necessities, an ambulance entry, domestic use of gas cylinder, and movement of other daily necessities is required. Therefore, to seal their entry is not appropriate. Thus, they shall be allowed to go in and out by your security," states the letter. IIT-B has been requested by the panel to provide documents proving its land ownership.

In a significant victory for Telangana holders of technical diplomas, the Telangana High Court has ruled in favour of Kampela Harish, allowing him to participate in the DEECET-2025 counselling process. The order was issued by Justice K. Lakshman, recognizing Harish's Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering as being equivalent to the Intermediate (10+2) level for securing admission into Diploma in Elementary Education (D.El.Ed) and Pre-School Education courses.

Harish of Arunakka Nagar, Srirampur, completed his diploma in 2015 from State Board of Technical Education and Training, Telangana. He had scored rank 3,945 in DEECET-2025 entrance test. But during certificate verification, he was disallowed further appearance as officials cited the lack of Intermediate qualification.

Undeterred, Harish filed a June 18, 2025, representation, together with an official certificate of equivalence given on June 16 by the Deputy Secretary (Academic), and a supporting Government Order (GO Ms. No. 112 dated October 27, 2001), which authenticated the diploma as equivalent to Intermediate.

Referring to these documents, the High Court observed that a government order and a technical board have already accepted the diploma equivalent to 10+2. Departments cannot contradict each other. "Government departments must speak with one voice," Justice Lakshman said.

The court then ordered the DEECET-2025 convenor and the School Education Department to verify Harish's documents and, if otherwise qualified, allow him to proceed with counselling and admission without raising any objections.

This ruling is a solid precedent for degree awardees competing for admission to teaching training colleges. It emphasizes the importance of policy clarity and departmental coordination, and it supports the Telangana state technical graduates who are unjustly pushed aside by procedural ambiguity.

To the potential DEECET-2025 and future candidates, this decision gives added significance to access to recourse in law and the growing recognizability of technical education as a serious academic endeavor for a career in teaching and early child education.

On July 14, 2025, a key case concerning revision of electoral rolls in Bihar will be heard by the Supreme Court of India. The case holds significance to the voters, political parties and any individual who is interested in the upcoming Bihar Assembly elections. 

What is Bihar Electoral Roll Revision Case?

Recently the Election Commission of India (ECI) has directed that the roll of Bihar be taken through Special Intensive Revision (SIR). This means that all the voters in Bihar will be required to once again submit some documents which will identify them as an eligible voter.

According to ECI, such action is necessary so as to eliminate ineligible voters, include new eligible voters and make sure that the voter list is studied before the forthcoming assembly elections will be conducted in October-November 2025.

Why Is the Case in the Supreme Court?

There are various petitions, which have been challenged against the decision of ECI. The petitioners are none other than political leaders, activists and organizations, such as the Trinamool Congress MP Mahua Moitra, RJD MP Manoj Jha, activists Yogendra Yadav, Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR). They state that the SIR process is unconstitutional and arbitrary. They are afraid that it may result in banning lakhs of eligible voters especially those who are unable to produce in time the documents sought. They are also claiming that the process was overloading ordinary citizens and might affect free and fair elections.   

What are the Major Concerns? 

• Rigid Deadline: This requires voters to present their documents before July 25, 2025, or else they will be dropped out of the voter roll. Crores of voters think this is very less time.
• Document Problems: Documents that are widely advertised such as Aadhaar cards might not allow entry. They also require a proof of identity of the parents, and this may not be easy to produce by many people.
• Risk of Disenfranchisement: Millions of people are in danger of being disenfranchised because they will be unable to satisfy the requirement before the deadline, in particular, migrants and poor people.
• Political influence: There is that opposition parties are afraid that the revision may influence the results of the forthcoming elections by disenfranchising real voters.

What Does the Election Commission Do?

According to the ECI, the revision will have to be made as a result of the high pace of urban growth, migration, and elimination of those not eligible to vote and elements who cast duplicate votes, such as the illegal immigrants. According to the commission, over a half of Bihar voters have already filed their new forms. It guarantees that those who would fail the July 25 deadline could still file their documents at the stage of Claims and Objections after which a final list would be released.

What will be Next?

It will be argued on July 14, 2025 at the Supreme Court bench (and will be led by Justice Sudhanshu Dhulia). The court can determine if the order issued by the ECI is valid or requires modifications or should be put at hold (delayed) until a final decision is reached. It will influence the preparation of voter lists in Bihar and may end up being a precedent in other states.

What Does This Mean to the Voters?

The case will rule whether the new voter verification process will maintain or have a change. The decision had implications on the right of every eligible citizen of exercising the right to vote.  It lays stress on the necessity of maintaining correct voter lists without omitting any actual voter.

In summary, the Supreme Court is reviewing whether the Bihar electoral roll revision is fair and constitutional because the case affects millions of voters and the upcoming Bihar Assembly elections. Both the ECI and petitioners have their strong arguments out forward about voter rights and election fairness which is why the SC is being involved to give a final verdict.

In a turn of legal fate, a division bench of the Kerala High Court has superseded an order of a single bench which had previously quashed the reinstatement of Dr. K Babu as Kerala University Registrar. The decision provides new hope to Dr. Babu's term as Registrar pending further judicial examination.

The division bench, which consisted of Justices A Muhamed Mustaque and Sophy Thomas, granted the state government's and Dr. Babu himself's appeals against the previous order of the single bench to cancel the Chancellor's reinstatement order. The Chancellor had directed the reinstatement of Dr. Babu despite there being charges of procedural irregularity in his initial appointment against him.

The reinstatement of the single bench had been opposed on the basis of absence of due process and propriety of reinstatement of Dr. Babu to the post of registrar. The division bench, however, observed that the case had to be reheard and directed the single bench to re-hear the case after hearing all the concerned parties.

This legislative about-face is a temporary relief to Dr. Babu and reflects the court's concern for fairness in procedure and the availability of all parties interested being represented fairly before it can render its judgment.

The controversy over reinstatement has been watched keenly by Kerala's academic and administrative community, considering the key position of the university registrar in terms of institutional management and academic administration. The High Court judgment is not regarding the substance of the allegations but emphasizes the call for a careful re-examination.

As the case now hangs in the balance before the bench of one judge for a hearing in extenso, the fate of Dr. Babu's appointment continues to hang in the balance but the latest verdict leaves the door ever so slightly ajar for his longer stay—at least for now.

While preparing for CLAT, you are well aware that it does not only need hard work but also smart preparation. Year after year, the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) throws up a mix of predictable and surprising questions. The best way to prepare for it is by going through past year papers and getting a real feel of what to expect by seeing patterns. If you want to crack CLAT 2026, there are top 50 questions that you need to be prepared for.

Section Wise Solution: Top 50 CLAT Questions

1. General Knowledge & Current Affairs (GK/CA)

It is a combination of both the stationary GK and current affairs with the latter gaining a preference in recent years.

FAQs in GK:

1. Which was one country in 1922-1991 include Ukraine? (USSR)
2. Who is the president in Ukraine? (Volodymyr Zelenskyy)
3. What is the currency of Ukraine? (Hryvnia)
4. The President of Ukraine used to be an? (Comedian)
5. What is the name of the operation initiated by the Indian Government to evacuate Indians in Ukraine? (Operation Ganga)
6. The theme of the World Environment Day 2015?
7. Who is the latest winner of the nobel prize of peace?
8. What is the name of the current Chief Justice of India?
9. What Indian state introduced the project of the 'Mission Shakti?
10. Which company is developing the hyperloop technology?

Apart from these, prepare yourself for the following trending topics:

• Major programs and achievements by India
• Major international conflicts (Russia-Ukraine, Israel-Palestine)
• National schemes (Atmanirbhar Bharat, Digital India)
• Recent rulings by the Supreme Court
• Sports events (Olympics, Cricket World Cup winners)
• Awards & Honours (Padma Awards, Bharat Ratna)

2. English Language

Focus is on comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar, often through passage-based MCQs. You can expect the following type of English Questions in CLAT:

"The Supreme Court of India recently ruled that the right to privacy is a fundamental right under the Constitution. This judgment has far-reaching implications for data protection and personal liberty in the country."

1. What fundamental right was recognized by the Supreme Court in the passage?
2. According to the passage, what could be one implication of the judgment?
3. Which part of the Indian Constitution is referred to in the passage?
4. What does the phrase "far-reaching implications" mean in this context?
5. Choose the correct synonym for "implications" as used in the passage.

Also prepare for the these type of questions: 

• Identify the synonym/antonym of a highlighted word in a passage.
• What is the meaning of the idiom “spill the beans”?
• Choose the correct figure of speech used in a sentence.
• Find the error in the given sentence.
• What is the main idea of the given passage?
• Fill in the blank with the correct preposition.
• Identify the tone of the author in the passage.
• Choose the correct summary of the passage.
• Rearrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph.
•  Select the word nearest in meaning to “pragmatic”.

3. Logical Reasoning

When you attempt logical reasoning questions in CLAT 2026, your ability to analyse arguments, spot assumptions, and draw conclusions will be tested. The type of question you can expect is:

"Many cities have implemented odd-even vehicle rules to reduce air pollution. However, studies show that such measures have only a temporary effect unless supported by long-term policy changes."

• What is the main argument presented in the passage?
• Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument?
• What assumption does the author make about odd-even rules?
• What is the likely conclusion of the passage?
• Suggest an alternative policy to address air pollution, based on the passage.

 Here are Frequently Asked Logical Reasoning Questions in CLAT:

21. What can be inferred from the passage?
22. Which of the following strengthens/weakens the argument?
23. Identify the assumption in the given argument.
24. What is the conclusion of the passage?
25. Which statement is logically consistent with the passage?
26. Identify the flaw in the reasoning.
27. Choose the correct analogy.
28. Arrange the statements in a logical sequence.
29. What is the author’s main contention?
30. Which of the following best summarises the argument?
31. Legal Reasoning

Legal Reasoning is the heart of CLAT, focusing on principles and their application to factual scenarios. Here is how it’ll be asked: 

Principle: A person is liable for negligence if they fail to take reasonable care, resulting in harm to another.

Facts: Dr. X, a surgeon, forgets a surgical instrument inside a patient during an operation, causing the patient severe pain.

• Is Dr. X liable under the principle stated? Why?
• What is the legal concept illustrated in this scenario?
• If Dr. X had followed all standard procedures but the instrument was defective, would the liability change?
• What does "reasonable care" mean in medical practice?
• Which area of law does this principle belong to?

Probable Legal Reasoning Questions in CLAT 2025:

31. Principle: “Whoever causes injury to another is liable.” Fact: A accidentally injures B. Is A liable?
32. Principle: “Every contract requires free consent.” Fact: X signs a contract under threat. Is the contract valid?
33. Principle: “No person shall be punished for the same offence twice.” Fact: Y is tried twice for the same crime. Is it valid?
34. Principle: “A minor cannot enter into a contract.” Fact: Z, aged 17, signs a contract. Is it enforceable?
35. Principle: “Negligence is failure to take reasonable care.” Fact: Doctor forgets to remove a surgical instrument. Is it negligence?
36. What is the difference between ‘murder’ and ‘culpable homicide’?
37. Explain the concept of ‘strict liability’ with an example.
38. What is the doctrine of ‘res ipsa loquitur’?
39. What is the meaning of ‘mens rea’?
40. Identify the legal issue in the given passage.
41. Quantitative Techniques

This section is mostly data interpretation, basic maths, and logical calculations.

Frequently Asked Quantitative Questions:

41. If the average of five numbers is 24, what is their total?
42. A train travels 60 km in 1.5 hours. What is its speed?
43. If the ratio of boys to girls is 3:2 and there are 30 boys, how many girls are there?
44. What is the percentage increase from 80 to 100?
45. Solve the following: If x + 2 = 7, what is x?
46. Find the value of x in the equation 2x – 5 = 9.
47. Interpret the given bar graph and answer the questions.
48. What is the median of the following set: 5, 9, 12, 15, 20?
49. If the cost price is ₹200 and the selling price is ₹250, what is the profit percentage?
50. A shopkeeper gives a 10% discount on ₹500. What is the selling price?

Why check the previous year questions of CLAT? 

Even though you have the list  of questions, you need to go through previous year  questions by yourself.  If you do so, you’ll realise the patterns are repeated in a number of sections including the GK, Legal Reasoning and Logical Reasoning. Given the frequently requested questions, you know how to spend your studying time. Also, repetitive questions will feel like familiar terrain and therefore you won’t feel overwhelmed or nervous during the exam when such questions show up. .

How to Use This List for CLAT 2026 Preparation?

• Practice Regularly: Generate these types of questions using chatgpt. Attempt these questions under timed conditions and practice. 
• Revise Concepts: ensure you are well-versed with the principles and basic concepts.
• Stay Updated: For GK/CA, read newspapers and reliable online sources daily.
• Mock Tests: Take full-length mock tests to build exam stamina and identify weak areas.

Note that the questions follow the official CLAT exam pattern and recent papers and are all in line with passages, principle-fact situations and data interpretation. The style of the recent CLAT papers entrusts GK as a part of the current affairs questions in context or passages. The application and not rote memory is the basis of legal and logical reasoning. To achieve optimal results, one should practice using the official CLAT sample papers and the previous year question papers in order to get the actual feel and hard/easy level. This list is aimed to reflect the actual situation during the exam and to make your preparation effective. For more such exam insights, keep following our education news portal. Wishing all CLAT aspirants the very best for 2026.

A row has erupted over the choice of books for college libraries in non-government colleges in Odisha with charges of favoritism and procedural irregularities leading to a legal intervention. The Orissa High Court has ordered the secretary of the Higher Education department to examine the grievance of the Kalinga Publishers and Booksellers Association in line with law within a period of 30 days.

The single bench of Justice BP Routray also noted that the department can consider stopping the supply of the books that have been shortlisted until a final order is passed on the issue. The directive is likely to stop the current supply process temporarily, and everyone is now waiting for the next move of the Higher Education department.

The case has highlighted issues of transparency and equity in educational procurement processes. The Kalinga Publishers and Booksellers Association, Cuttack, had challenged the process of reading selections in a writ petition. The association, which represents booksellers and publishers in the state, accused the selected committee that was mandated to recommend books for college libraries of acting arbitrarily and without diligence in meeting norms.

The petition states that among the hundreds of books certified, close to 350 titles were from only five publishers in total, triggering serious doubts of bias as well as a lack of transparency. Referring to the June 9, 2025 grievance letter to the commissioner-cum-secretary of the Higher Education department, the association demanded quashing of the approved book list at the earliest. Association president Joy Krishna Mohapatra also sought a formal investigation into the issue and strict action against officials involved in the irregularities, as alleged.

The representation stated that most of the 350 books in the booklist only include a few publishers who are in connivance with government officials and have grouped together. The booklist given includes the name of the book and name of the author but no mention of the name of the publishers is made. The name of the publishers has specifically been omitted as most of the books are of these few persons, the representation stated.