National Testing Agency (NTA) has finally released the results of the UGC NET June 2025 examination. The exam was conducted between June 25 and June 29, 2025 in different centres across the country and involved more than 80 subjects. Given the announcement of the results on July 21, 2025, one can now access his or her score and pass or fail status on the Internet.

The applicants can view their score by going to the official site of the NTA UGC NET examination at ugcnet.nta.ac.in. There is a noticeable link which is referring to UGC NET June 2025 Result on the homepage. Upon clicking this link, candidates will be able to get their scorecard by entering his/her account details, i.e., application number, date of birth, and security code. The scorecard should be downloaded and taken safely to reference later since it will be needed in the subsequent academic or recruitment procedures. In the event that there is excessive traffic on the site so that results can be accessed very slowly or not at all, the candidates are advised to attempt to refresh the page or log in during off-peak periods.

As well as the results, NTA has also published subject-wise, category-wise cut-off marks. The UGC NET cut-offs play a vital role since it defines the status of getting selected for the post of Assistant Professor and the granting of the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF). There are varying cut-off marks as per topic and category that include General, OBC, SC, ST, and EWS based on reservation policies and competition levels. The cut-off list is introduced in a PDF file at the official website in the section Public Notices. 

These scores are determined by the overall final performance (Paper I and Paper II) of the candidates and only the candidates who, within their categories, achieve or surpass the specified cut-off are deemed qualified. It is to be considered that as an NTA policy, there is no scope of re-evaluation or rechecking of the results, and the scores published are final.

UGC NET represents a significant national-level examination that is held twice a year to fix the suitability of candidates in the position of the Assistant Professor and to grant Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) to the candidates in the Indian universities and colleges. In the month of June 2025, over 800 thousand candidates applied in the exam, which speaks of its importance in terms of academic work and research in the nation. The successful candidates clearing the exam can now utilise their scorecards in academic positions or to avail research fellowship by following the UGC and university directives.

The qualified candidates are advised to continue checking the official site of updates on issuing e-certificates and award letters of JRF. The scorecards can generally be used as an official record by academic institutions and recruitment organizations, and additional verification or counseling procedures (in case any) will be mentioned later.

Important things to keep in mind:

• The ugcnet.nta.ac.in has UGC NET June 2025 results and cut-offs.
• Application number and date of birth will be used to download scorecards.
• Mark cut-offs are subject-wise and category-wise and final.
• NTA does not provide results re-evaluation.
• The score cards should be kept by candidates to be used in future academically or professionally.

The announcement of the UGC NET June 2025 results is a big step toward the dreams of becoming an educator and a researcher, and it is just the beginning of the road to greater academic and professional accomplishments in India.

Indian contingent of six students who represented India at the 66th IMO held in Sunshine Coast, Australia (Photo courtesy Homi Bhabha Centre For Science Education)

Indian contingent was placed 7th amongst 110 nations in 66th International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) held in Sunshine Coast, Australia. India's 2025 squad consisted of six students and accumulated six medals, three of which were gold, two of which were silver, and one of which was bronze. Its un-official ranking based on result is 7th rank, and the team also broke the new national record with 193 out of a maximum of 252 marks, the highest ever achieved by an Indian squad in the IMO.

Indian students are shortlisted and groomed for the IMO by the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education (HBCSE), TIFR. HBCSE is also the nodal agency to conduct the National Olympiad Examinations in the various disciplines encompassing Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Astronomy.

This is the third occasion when India has reached 7th position, reducing last year's effort in 1998 and 2001, an official release stated. The nation has now reached a top-10 position seven times in 35 IMO performances since its first in 1989.

India scorecard at IMO 2025 based on HBCS

India was represented this year by Aarav Gupta, Kanav Talwar, and Adhitya Mangudy, who all emerged with gold medals. Abel George Mathew and Aadish Jain took silver medals and bronze was attained by Archit Manas. The six are from different parts of the country and four of them work in Delhi.

The Indian IMO 2025 team was led by Prof Shanta Laishram, Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi, and Deputy Leader Dr Mainak Ghosh, ISI Bengaluru. Observers were Mr Atul Shatavart Nadig, BS student of MIT, USA, and Dr Rijul Saini.

The performance of India at the IMO year by year has been superb, according to the announcement by HBCSE. It is the second time three gold medals have been achieved by the country in the Olympiad, the first being 1998. India achieved its highest ever 4th and four gold medals in 2024. The Indian students have collected 12 gold medals overall between 2019 and 2025, nine of them within the last three years alone (2023, 2024, and 2025).

The International Mathematical Olympiad has six problems chosen from study fields like algebra, combinatorics, number theory, and geometry. Six problems are submitted by each country participating and then screened and narrowed down through a Problem Selection Committee for the host country by the IMO Board. The IMO's highest individual score is 42 and highest team score of 252 out of six competitors.

There were 630 students from 110 countries that participated in the IMO this year.

The Jammu and Kashmir Students Association (JKSA) has written to Chief Minister (CM) Siddaramaiah, requesting urgent action on an alleged incident of religious discrimination at Sri Soubhagya Lalitha College of Nursing in Banashankari, under the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences (RGUHS).

The association says some Kashmiri female students have been prohibited from attending classes for wearing the hijab or burkha.

In a letter to the CM on Tuesday, July 15, the JKSA accused the students of having been repeatedly harassed over the course of several days, being refused entry into classrooms and practical sessions and warned of expulsion if they kept wearing their religious attire, according to a report by The New Indian Express.

Nasir Khuehami, the JKSA National Convenor, reported that the college chairman allegedly went into a classroom and instructed hijab-wearing students to vacate the class at once. Students, when challenged by the directive, were apparently informed, "This is our college; only our rules apply." The chairman and principal apparently threatened the students with further disobedience leading to dismissal and denial of academic records.

The college allegedly defended itself by invoking "university rules" against wearing hijabs or burkhas, a contention the JKSA denies since no such prohibition exists in Indian law or policy of the university. In the letter, JKSA pointed out that this was a gross violation of basic rights such as the right to religion (Article 25), protection from discrimination (Article 15), and the right to education (Article 21A) of the Indian Constitution, The New Indian Express report stated.

Khuehami went on to charge that college authorities asserted that hijabs were forbidden for medical students across the entire nation, including Kashmir, and denied constitutional safeguards, purportedly saying, "No article or fundamental right is applicable in our college."

The JKSA called upon the CM to make arrangements for the students to be permitted to go to classes without being compelled to take off their religious uniform. It also called for a proper investigation to be conducted by the state education department, RGUHS, and the State Minority Commission, and also for disciplinary action against any officials who are proven guilty of infringement of constitutional rights.

The institute could not be contacted for comment by The New Indian Express.

India made history by winning 3 gold medals and ranking 7th Globally in 110 participating countries in the 66 the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) 2025 held in Sunshine Coast, Australia. This remarkable achievement shows the increasing capabilities of India in mathematics and the efforts of young Indians.

IMO 2025 Medal Winners from India

• Kanav Talwar (Gold)
• Aarav Gupta (Gold)
• Adhitya Mangudy (Gold)
• Abel George Mathew (Silver)
• Aadish Jain (Silver)
• Archit Manas (Bronze)

A total of six medals were achieved by the Indian team. India performed exceptionally well as it not only beat its previous records but also regained the image of being a mammoth in mathematics in the whole of Asia and the world.

The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is the most well renowned mathematics competition worldwide in the pre-university category. Its 2025 edition was in Sunshine Coast, Australia between 10 July and 21 July. More than 600 students from 110 countries participated in this competition with each of them spending two days solving tough problems on algebra, geometry and combinatorics. 

India has steadily improved its performance at IMO over the recent years that demonstrates the high level of concern that the country has devoted towards math education and development of talent. India has an amazing medal tally of three gold, two silver and one bronze this year, its most successful collective performance at IMO since IMO 2019. It is actually noteworthy that each member of the team came back with a medal.

It is also much more impressive taking into account the close competition with classical mathematical giants (China, the United States, South Korea and Russia) that had occupied the leading places in the world ranking.

The intensive training and selection of the Indian team of the IMO starts at the institution of the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education (HBCSE), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, where several rounds of competitions are held on a national level called Olympiads, prior to the final team being selected. This will make sure that the best mathematical minds will be the one representing India on the international stage. 

Global Results & India’s Ranking

1. China
2. United States
3. South Korea
4. Russia
5. Vietnam
6. Hungary
7. India
8. United Kingdom
9. Japan
10. Taiwan

India’s gold medallists placed among the individual top scorers, while the team’s overall score ensured its top 10 finish for the third consecutive year. 

The result at the IMO reflects an increasing ability to develop skills in the key STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) subjects by India. Good performances at a global stage such as the IMO are the testimony of the increase of the standard of maths education and able caring nature of the schools and coaching centres and the various government programmes.

The success of IMO is seen by the education gurus as a hope to lakhs of the students in the country who are inclined to mathematics and solving problems. The attainments just mentioned also stimulate additional spending on STEM education both at the school and college level.

With such consistent global performance, India has been considered to be one of the top mathematics countries on the pre-university level due to its stable results on international tests. India ranks higher and higher at the International Mathematical Olympiad, thanks to the constant help of coaching institutions, the work of the teachers and the desire of the students

Indian Air Force finally opened the window for AFCAT 2 application form to correct so that candidates can check and make changes in their details. You have already submitted your application form for Air Force Common Admission Test (AFCAT) 2 and wish to correct your application prior, now is your turn.

Deadline: July 14-15, 2025

Correction centre till July 15, 2025, 11:30 PM IST. Don't miss to login your account and correct the same, if any, before deadline.

AFCAT 2 Exam Details: What to Expect

Within a few days, AFCAT 2 exam will be organized, whose date Indian Air Force has not yet declared. Exam will be followed by AFSB interview, document verification, and medical test.

Eligibility Criteria: Are You Qualified?

For Eligibility for AFCAT 2 test, you must possess the following:

Age Limit: 20-24 years for Flying and 20-26 years for Ground Duty (Technical/Non-Technical)

Educational Qualifications: Branch-wise differential qualifications i.e. 10+2 with Physics and Maths, Bachelor's Degree, or Engineering/Technology Degree

Vacancies: 284 Posts Available

Indian Air Force released an advertisement for 284 vacancies in various wings like Flying, Ground Duty Technical, Ground Duty Non-Technical, NCC Special Entry, and Meteorology Entry.

Application Process: Bare Essentials

You are a fresher, these are the bare essentials:

Application Fee: ₹550 + GST (Nil for NCC Special Entry candidates)

Mode of Payment: Online (Debit Card, Credit Card, Net Banking, UPI)

Application Window: June 2 - July 1, 2025 (11:30 PM IST)

If you are already filling up the AFCAT 2 exam form, then once again verify your form and correct wherever required. Now corrections window is open, now you can fill up your form without any problem. Don't lose this opportunity to join Indian Air Force!

In a sudden twist of events that left Odisha in shock, Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi on Tuesday ordered ₹20 lakh compensation to the family of the 20-year-old B.Ed student of Fakir Mohan Autonomous College in Balasore who had self-immolated. The student died at AIIMS Bhubaneswar on Monday evening, after fighting for three days to sustain her life with 95% burn injuries.

The episode has sparked a national outrage, and most have been demanding that the system be altered so that campuses are safe. The young woman is reported to have taken the drastic step after college administration ignored repeated complaints of sexual harassment against one of their assistant professors.

In her public speech, CM Majhi described the incident as "deeply painful and unacceptable." Chief Minister asked for a proper investigation so that all the culprits receive full punishment as per law. "No one will be spared," the Chief Minister's Office statement read.

Odisha State Governor Prof. Ganeshi Lal too had spoken out in disbelief. "Shocked to hear the unfortunate demise of a young student of Fakir Mohan College. Not only a tragedy—it is a wake-up call for the unprecedented necessity to make our campuses secure," he tweeted on X. "Their perpetrators will be given uncompromising justice."

While the nation mourns the loss of such a brilliant young life, arrest of the college principal and the secretary of the Education Department are some sort of accountability first. And yet, students and activists are demanding more—and demanding means in general to tackle sexual harassment in the education system.

The murder of the young woman has caused controversy throughout the state, with students organizing candlelight vigils and calling for justice—not only for her, but for all the silenced voices.

Marketing is a misinterpreted term; when someone hears it, they believe it’s referring to  sales. But is marketing sales? The answer is no. The digital marketing realm in India is undergoing drastic change driven by technological advancements, consumer behaviour, societal needs, business needs, and evolving market dynamics. As the 21st century is nearing its bloom, marketers and businesses need to stay ahead of the curve to remain competitive by understanding, utilizing, and knowing the latest marketing trends in India and across the world. 

Intelligent marketing design is the Latest Marketing Trend 

It is the age of intelligent marketing design, the newest fad of marketing that is altering the way brands are relating to one another. Intelligent marketing design that comes in the form of AI-driven marketing design or AI-powered personalization at its deepest level, is the ability to empathize with your customers and to curate smart, smooth, and personal marketing experiences using technology, in particular, artificial intelligence and data analytics.

The modern consumer looks not only to acquire experience, but to make his life more simple. Marketers must become more than just attention magnets in an environment that is increasingly competitive. That is what intelligent marketing design does in that it enables brands to get insights of customer behaviour, likes, dislikes and even emotions. This data assists firms to come up with everything to include highly individualized suggestions on products and also unique tailored advertisements aimed straight at what each individual desires.

This is not the end of it all however. Smart design is redefining websites and apps as well as physical shops. Consider AI-enabled chatbots, which will provide timely answers to your customer needs or online stores that will automatically move around depending on how you browse. With the help of these tools, designers are able to eliminate irritating roadblocks to the online shopping experience and to make it all quicker, easier, and even a little bit tech-magical.

AI-driven marketing design is a necessity for marketers. In order to remain competitive, you must combine creative thinking with receiving the latest technologies. Already, the trend is assisting firms to drive customer traffic, improve conversion rates and develop groups of repeat customers. Whether it is the process of production of content, the introduction of a new product, or the strategy of a digital campaign, using AI-powered personalization as the core element of this process can become the game-changer you have been looking for.

It’s worth noting that there are only a few brands who get it right in this trend and they are not only able to stay current, but they’ll set the pace for everyone else and some of their experiences are so fluid and customized that customers are likely to be back to them again and again.  

Latest Marketing Trends to Know

1. AI-based Personalization: Using AI is transforming marketing by allowing businesses to offer the experience of personalization at mass levels. AI assists marketers in executing tailored marketing campaigns that encourage people to engage and convert by using customer data.

How to use AI for marketing? 

• Analysis of Customer Data: With the help of AI tools, it is possible to analyze extensive customer data (such as browsing history, purchases, and preferences) to derive a pattern and forecast behaviors to be able to target them better.
• Individualised Content and Recommendations: Such platforms as Amazon, Netflix, or Spotify rely on AI to suggest buying particular goods or consuming specific content according to the needs of separate users and raise engagement and sales.
• Automated Mailing: AI offers email personalization when it conveys different contents of the email and timings according to the user and helps with open up and conversion rates. According to Statista (2024), AI-personalized emails generate a click-through rate of up to 41% better than any other e-mailing.
• Chatbots; Virtual Assistants: Chatbots powered by AI also deliver immediate and personal assistance as well as nudging users towards the appropriate products at any time of day or night.
• Programmatic Advertising: AI has robots that purchase and optimize digital advertisements in real-time, directing the appropriate audiences with the most suited message. 

1. Video Marketing reign: Video marketing has taken over the digital media with the popularity of short videos and live broadcasts. Video marketing can help marketers to demonstrate their products, communicate their brand, and reach out to customers.

How to Use Video Marketing? 

• Set goals on what you are aiming to accomplish; these can be brand awareness, leads or sales.
• Learn the nature of your viewers and the things they enjoy.
• Prepare a list of topics or kinds of video (product demo, customer story, how-to and so on).
• Have a good camera/smartphone, good audio and good lighting. Make short and interesting videos.
• Use catchy names, descriptions and keywords which relate to your video so that people can find your video easily.
• Post your video on YouTube, Instagram, Facebook and your site.
• Send the link of the video via emails, WhatsApp and through social media posts.
• View number of times, likes, shares, and comments to determine what is doing well and do better in succeeding videos.

Tip: post the videos frequently so that they can achieve the best results! 

1. Voice Search Optimization: The use of smart speakers and voice-enabled devices is on the rise making voice search essential. Marketers should ensure to optimize their content according to the voice search to get a share of the increasing Indian voice search traffic.

How to make content voice search optimized? 

• Use Casual Language: Write like you speak – straight and simple.
• Target Questions: Incorporate frequently asked questions and answers (FAQ).
• Opt For Longer Phrases: Main keywords users would utter out.
• Local info: State city, address or “near me” when relevant.
• Be Mature: Answer straight and concisely in short sentences.
• Mobile Friendly: Get your site to load quickly on phones. 

1. Sustainability and Social Responsibility Marketing: There is a growing concern among people to be more sustainable in their lifestyle choices and coolness, as well as social responsibility in terms of the brand that they select. Marketers also have an opportunity to create loyalty and trust by drawing attention to their sustainable business solutions and social responsibility programs.

How to use sustainability and social responsibility in marketing? 

• Promote sustainability through your product or service.
• Reflect the socially responsible approach through direct and indirect means. 
• Let your audience know how much you care about nature and the environment.
• Talk about how the brand values the social responsibilities. 
•  Engage customers into sustainability campaigns (recycling, donation projects) and update.
• Do not hide your processes, challenges, and development.
• Enlist the assistance of influencers who care about social responsibility to do a sincere promotion of it.
• What’s important to keep in mind though is that honesty and consistency play significant roles here, be real and do not lie.  

1. Engaging experiences and Interactive content: immersive experiences such as polls, quizzes, and augmented reality experiences are captivating users and increasing brand loyalty. These formats can help the marketers develop memorable brand experiences.

How to make engaging content?

• Talk to the audience through your content
• Make it feel improvised, not scripted. 
• Let the audience feel connected, not forced.
• Make the most with quiz-like content 
• Focus more on comment-marketing (marketing through comment sections indirectly) 

Other Marketing Trends To Know

1. Influencer Marketing Evolution: Micro and nano influencers are becoming popular because of such high engagement as well as the narrow and specific audience. Marketers can collaborate with influencers in a bid to attain certain target audiences.
2. Omnichannel Marketing Integration: It is important to have a smooth customer experience on all the points. Marketers should adopt an approach that will make customers go through one consistent path offered by its marketing strategies.
3. Social Commerce Growth: Social network sites are rapidly adopting e-commerce capabilities, allowing people to make purchases on their apps. Through social commerce, marketers can be able to increase sales and participate.

Why These Trends are Important? 

These trends show a dynamic nature of digital marketing in India and the necessity of businesses to keep up with the changes in order to stay competitive. Through adaptation to these trends, marketers are able to:

• Improve the experience of customers and build loyalty
• stimulate conversions and interactions
• Create brand awareness and confidence
• keep out of reach of the consolidators

Marketers must keep track of the current trends and technologies to emerge successfully in the digital marketing environment that is constantly changing. Learning and adapting consistently are the ways businesses can ensure that they will be successful in 2025 and the future.

In a major ruling, the Supreme Court on Tuesday ordered Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) to disburse stipends in two weeks to 11 foreign medical graduates doing internships at the university's Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College.

A Justice Sudhanshu Dhulia and Arvind Kumar bench delivered the order after considering the interns' plea, filed by petitioner Zabihullah, that they were being discriminated against under the stipend policy. The interns argued that they were being deprived of their stipends while doing the same work as Indian medical graduates, contrary to the National Medical Commission (NMC) rules.

The court categorically held that "all medical interns of whatever nationality or country of graduation are entitled to stipends" for what work they perform under internship. The justices also ordered AMU to disburse the amount from its own funds within a brief period.

A similar relief was received from the court not to mandate the University Grants Commission (UGC) to take any penal action against AMU for disbursing the stipends without first seeking sanction. AMU, on hearing, said it was in talks with the Centre and the UGC regarding additional funding assistance to foreign medical graduates in future batches of internships.

The case draws attention to the overall issue of reasonable treatment of foreign graduates who want to pursue medical studies in India. Legal professionals believe the judgment will set a precedent for other institutions that have foreign interns.

This action comes in the wake of growing apprehension about compliance with NMC standards and parity of treatment to international nationals in Indian medical schools. Due to the intervention of the court, the centuries-old demand for stipend parity has finally got judicial approval.

With child obesity and lifestyle diseases becoming a major problem in India, Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has issued a new directive to all its affiliated schools in India to install so-called Oil Boards, which were designed to help students adopt more healthy eating habits. This new campaign will be the second after the success of the last year sugar campaign dubbed as the Sugar Boards where a national campaign was rolled out last year on reducing the consumption of sugary foods in the country by raising awareness in the school setting. What this would really mean to students, schools and parents is really explained here.

Oil Boards After Sugar Boards In Schools

The implementation of the idea of the Oil Boards is because of the shocking numbers on the health of the Indian youth. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-21) shows that over a fifth of adults in urban regions of India are obese or overweight with rapidly increasing levels among children. A study in Lancet predicts that overweight and obese adults already currently stand  at 18 crore in India and may reach 45 crore by 2050. In addition, the consumption of food that is rich in unhealthy oils and fats by students with a low level of physical activity is known to be one of the factors that have contributed to this trend. Schools are the logical places where to promote awareness and transformation of lifelong eating habits.

What are the oil boards of CBSE?

The concept of Oil Boards is a visual display on a poster or digital screen in strategic locations in CBSE affiliated schools like cafeteria, hall ways, class rooms, staff rooms, and other popular places where students spend time. These boards will have:

• Facts and warnings of the health hazards of using foods containing high fats and oil.
• Student-friendly graphs indicating the level of oil in the snacks that people often eat.
• Advice on healthier diet (e.g. selecting snacks that are baked rather than fried).
• Positive messages on the diets that strike a balance between fruits, vegetables and low-oil foods

CBSE Healthy Eating Campaign instructions for schools

The campaign by CBSE is for the welfare of students. The Board has requested schools to be holistic:

• Install Oil Boards: Put visual displays with warnings and health information at points of heavy traffic.
• Health Messages in School Stationery: Print advice and reminders on eating healthy on paper stationery items, such as notebooks, letterhead, and other school material and maintain the message all through the time, during school days.
• Healthy Menus: Advertise to have healthier foods in canteens such as fruits, vegetables and low-fat foods. Restrict or eliminate the consumption of deep fried snacks and sugary drinks. 
• Promotion of Physical Activity: It is recommended that the schools should have brief physical activity breaks, encourage stair use and enable walking paths to counter the sedentary trends.
• Experiential Learning: The students will be able to participate in creating their own oil boards and posters and even create a research project connected with the topic of healthy eating.

The Road to 'Oil Boards' Success': Sugar Boards

This Oil Board project is based on the previous program of the use of Sugar Boards that informed students on the presence of hidden sugar in common snacks and beverages. Good results were seen in many schools and they included:

• More student knowledge of the sugar in food. 
• More healthy meals in canteens and fewer sugar items are available. 
• Regular workshops and classroom experiences to emphasize on the importance of mindful eating.

Given that CBSE will implement this strategy in many more areas, it will result in a much higher change in kids' awareness and choices of food, including rather poor decision making that are caused by unhealthy oils and fats.

Why does this matter? 

A long-term effect of making healthy food the convenient choice in schools is the motivation of this campaign of CBSE:

• Children shall Learn about Healthy Lifestyle: Introducing children to nutrition recommendations early in life helps them to improve their choices in the house and invigorates other family members to reconsider their lifestyle.
• Benefits Community Wide: Given that the parents and teachers are also included in the conversation, the word is spread about the wellness way beyond the school gates.
• Potential Impact: Research also demonstrates that projects of this kind, namely health education, may decrease childhood obesity rates as much as 20% in particular.

With the launch of 'Oil Boards', this is a significant initiation towards the battle against lifestyle disease in the upcoming generation of Indians. With education, environmental interventions, and the involvement of family combined, CBSE is optimistic to develop sustainable healthy breakthrough eating habits building outwards to the classroom.

Schools and school going children can do much to assure a brighter, fitter future of India as they become a central source of support in the creation of lifelong fitness and maintaining proper diets. 

Digital health platforms have revolutionized individual and organizational health solutions post-pandemic at breakneck velocities. What was clunky and anonymous is now driving the pack of daily wellness habits. From immune system boosters and home fitness to enabling preventive care and habit formation, platforms are leading an unsung revolution.

With individuals more receptive to long-term wellness and less so for Band-Aid fixes, digital-first solutions are having deeper, more sustained impacts. Here's how that transformation is remaking employee wellbeing and individual health for industries.

MORE THAN JUST FITNESS

There were digital well-being platforms in existence prior to COVID-19 but nothing which had gained mass credibility and consumer acceptance. The pandemic provided a tipping point, says Habuild founder Saurabh Bothra.

It totally transformed the culture to online learning and health coaching, especially in a country like India where the face-to-face look was the traditional way.

Post-pandemic transformation occurred certainly: individuals began to focus on immunity, preventive wellness, and building long-term habits.

POWER OF HABITS AND COMMUNITY

Acquisition of habits is more successful with much social support thereafter, Bothra said. "The quickest way to build a habit is to hang out with people whom you wish to be," he added in addition. To have the exact same people around you both in the virtual and the real space, then automatically there is a change of behavior.".

He also described how the websites help the exercise program to facilitate making it more likely by lessening the 'response time', or the amount of effort or the number of steps to undertake before exercising. In actuality in the gym, the turning over, communiting, or other logistical limitations will make procrastination more likely.

With web sites, the habit is initiated by clicking and habitual consistency with the passage of time is convenient and easy. Community sites are attractive because good habits build day by day in a community environment.

CORPORATES SEE REAL IMPACT

Large companies are increasingly looking for internet wellbeing platforms to increase employees' workplace productivity and reduce absenteeism. Bothra gave the instance of the Central Bank of India where workers' participation in yoga sessions had increased well-being by a significant percentage.

The Madras High Court has held that self-financing private medical colleges are obligated to pay only the stipend to the in-service government doctors who study postgraduation and super-specialty courses in medicine in such colleges and not salary like their counterparts in the government medical educational institutions.

A division bench headed by justices R Subramanian and K Surender gave the order recently while partially granting the writ appeal moved by Karpaga Vinayaga Medical College at Maduranthakam in Chengalpet, challenging a single judge order that ruled that the self-financing colleges have to pay salary for the in-service doctors.

The government had made a policy decision not to give salary to the in-service doctors if they undertake PG and super-specialty courses in self-financing medical colleges, and a G.O. was released in 2020 in this context. There have been several litigations on this issue ever since.

Contrary to the view of the sole judge, the bench held that in-service doctors are not employees of the private medical college, while the in-service doctors who are studying PG in government medical colleges remain in the government's service.

"So, the position of an in-service doctor in a private medical institution is that of a PG student and nothing beyond that.". If that is the case, they can only be treated as equally as the other PG students of the same institution, and they would be entitled to whatever compensation that is being received by the other PG students of the same institution," the bench observed in the order. It ruled that in light of Regulation 13.3 of the Post-Graduate Medical Education Rules (PGMER), they would be eligible for the stipend.

Deciding that the responsibility is on the self-financing institution to remunerate in-service doctors who undertake their higher studies, the bench held that they would be responsible to pay only the stipend as determined by the state.

"The in-service doctors, who seek their higher studies in private medical colleges cannot claim salary from these institutions comparable to their more meritorious counterparts who seek higher studies in government medical colleges," the bench held. 

Advocate General PS Raman represented the government, while advocate Abishek Jenasenan represented the appellant-medical college.

The appeal was submitted by the appellant against the 2024 single judge order holding that salary for in-service PG, super-specialty, broad-specialty and PG diploma in self-financing colleges should be paid by such colleges.

In an ambitious move to promote higher education in Hindi, the Madhya Pradesh government became the first state to offer MBBS courses in the language. The state invested nearly ₹10 crore on printing Hindi medical textbooks, aiming to make medical education more accessible. However, so far, not a single MBBS student has opted to take their exams in Hindi. Hence this does raise serious doubts to the success of the project. Even though the government is trying to put things in place, the English language still seems to be the preferred language in medical studies, in terms of exams and other key assessments.

Was ₹10 Crores Well Spent?

People in both the academic bodies and the student community are now questioning whether the 10 crores investment on Hindi textbooks could not have been used more effectively. This big amount of money is feared to have been much more productive in upgrading infrastructure in colleges and hostels, which have a direct influence on the learning situations as well as on the welfare of students.

Transliteration or Translation?

Taking a closer look at the textbooks related to MBBS studies in the Hindi language, one will be able to notice that a lot of the scientific and medical words remain untranslated but were merely transliterated. For example, the term “liver” is printed as ‘लिवर’ instead of the proper Hindi ‘यकृत’, “limb” as ‘लिंब’ rather than its correct Hindi equivalent, and Bones is printed in hindi font as “बोन्स” instead of “हड्डियाँ”. Such superficial changes do little to help students grasp complex concepts in their native language. The photos of the hindi MBBS book surfacing the internet shows many such terms triggering mockery and harsh comments. 

Transliterations of this kind might not aid students to orient their sincere understanding with the stuff or obtain undoubted conceptual awareness within the native language. One question that also arises is whether such textbooks are indeed helping medical education become more accessible or is it like a mere replica of an English based curriculum.

Comments and Reaction of The People

When the news was shared on X, people flooded the comment section calling it a “a big joke”. Here are some viewpoints that many agreed with: 

One X user pointed out a perspective that people were sharing right after the news, “This is one of the biggest  joke I have come across! This would create great confusion. Then, you have the issue of interoperability between states. Why would someone from the Northeast, for example, would take the course in hindi? The biggest one - it's all English in Devnagiri!” 

Another X user commented, “You have to update language lexicon to include words for all sciences, philosophies, governance and logistics terminologies. And then adopt it as a trial model in a state policy. To make it available for masses everywhere. Make it available in both hindi and english in the state”

There were also comments around the 10cr budget. One user commented, “Someone must have definitely made at least one house in printing these books into hindi.. 10 cr Mein 5% to commission banta hai”.

A user with a broader perspective commented saying, “This is actually correct version. Nobody needs to learn यकृत for liver. We are already confused enough to learn if गुर्दा means kidney or heart. For God's sake, stop making mockery of things. Nobody uses pure hindi, u don't need it. Hinglish is best way forward.” 

There were extreme comments; majority were in disagreement while others with their critical viewpoint supported the initiative’s intent. 

New Measures to Promote This Initiative

With an inadequate reception, instigators are currently attempting new means to foster usage. Registrar Baghel has pointed out that the medical and dental students who opt to write their examination in Hindi will be allowed a 50% relief in examination fees. The incentive may save the students 3,000 rupees per exam attempt assuming that the average MBBS Exam fee is approximately 6,000 rupees.

It is the case that shows the issues of localising technical education in India. Although it is a good idea to promote Hindi and other regional languages, such practice should not be limited to textbook conversion. Proper translation, improved infrastructure, as well as to know the actual requirements of students is the key to success of such mass scale educational changes.

Ultimately, if the MP government wants its Hindi MBBS initiative to succeed, it must focus on practical solutions, including better translations, understanding student needs, and ensuring hindi medical education stays relevant and accessible in today’s India. 

 Every student planning a career in design faces an imperative decision when it comes to selecting the right institute.  As the design industry in India is transforming in ways unimagined and has high demands of skilled professionals in areas such as fashion, product, interior, graphic and animation design, it is worth noting that private design institutes are offering better curriculum that are industry as well as future-relevant. 

Growth and Diversity in Private Design Education

India has more than 1,200 private design colleges all over the country which propose various different courses starting with a diploma up to PhD and includes all the specialisations possible, fashion, interior, visual communication, product, UX/UI etc. The best ranking design institutes are the Unitedworld Institute of Design (UID) at Karnavati University, Woxsen School of Arts and Designs, Pearl Academy, Amity School of Fashion Technology and Apeejay Institute of Design, Avantika University among others. A large number of these institutes are known to be teaching quality, good industry contact and possessed current infrastructure.

Admission, Eligibility and Flexibility

Most of the design colleges in different cities privately have lenient admission courses. Competitive tests such as the NID DAT, AIDAT, UCEED or CEED are par the course with government run institutions, yet entrance tests by other institutions, or acceptance of portfolios exist in many non-government colleges, and are thus available to a broader range of creative students. Students upon completion of class 12 have the option to go-ahead with UG diplomas, BDes, and even short term certification courses and Master to DPH levels are simplified. It is a great advantage since students who study a specific direction or stream of study are rather flexible.

Industry Linkages and Course Offerings

The best private institutes often have strong ties with the industry to make sure that programs taught are up to date and relevant. The students are exposed to live projects, internships, and guest sessions with the best designers. As an example, Pearl Academy offers industry-specific-training and offers placement packages of 17 LPA to 20.2 LPA, and has a database of recruiters of top design, technology and fashion companies. Another leading top player with a different specialisation, Strate School of Design, has placement averages of INR 10 LPA, with specialisations in subjects such as Product, Transportation, and Interaction Design.

International Exposure, Teaching and Infrastructure

Among the features of the private design colleges that one can note is a fact that the campuses are modern and well-equipped. The recent lab structure, studios and digital equipment give students the advantage and in most instances, international partnerships and exchange programs, and experience among faculty. World University of Design, Pearl Academy or Srishti Manipal are some of the design schools, which are associated with top global design schools, thus providing their students a larger exposure and opportunities.

Fees, Affordability and Scholarships.

One of the major issues would be fee structure. Tuition fee is usually higher in private designing institutes than in government colleges. A four-year degree course under the field of BDes may cost between INR 12 lakhs (World University of Design) and more than INR 26 lakhs (Strate School of Design). Nevertheless, such institutes do offer merit based and other financial help to meritorious candidates, which many times lend the much needed affordability to such prospective students.

Position of Records and Career Perspectives

Top private design colleges have placement up their sleeves. Most of them claim very good placement percentages, with alliances in top organizations within the worlds of fashion, e- commerce, IT, and creative industries. Institutes such as Pearl Academy, UID also have placement cells and students get placed in well-established national and international brands. 

Drawbacks to consider of Private Design Institute in India

Although the private design colleges do have great appeal due to their large scale, infrastructure, and flexibility, doing homework on a particular institute is important. Not every institution is as good at what it does; the accreditation, credentials of the faculty, placement, and alumni results are to be verified personally for correct info. Moreover, the students need to pay a hefty fee as compared to that of a government college. 

To students with a creative mind, those who want flexibility in the admission procedure, and those students who want exposure to the industry, it can be ideal to attend the private institutes of design in India, on the condition that they are thorough in their research. By qualifying AIDAT, aspirants can be eligible to get admission at Top design colleges. In addition, top private colleges provide contemporary education, sound placement, as well as good industry affiliations, making them ideal for design aspirants in India. Be wise, and choose as per your needs.

The paramedical profession is a highly popular profession particularly in India. Students are opting-in to an amazing future proof career in the field of medicine and health that rewards them both financially and career-wise, without the need of MBBS and sometimes NEET. As the population of the country is growing and the latest studies reveal that in the coming future old people will be more than youths, the health sector will play a big role and more professionals will be needed on a regular basis. 

Paramedical careers are also expected to guarantee employment stability and competitive remuneration during the next few years. As a student, if you have thought of joining the realm of paramedicals but don’t want to put in years into MBBS or pursuing a dream of being a doctor or nurse, here is a list of the six best jobs that you can make a bright and stable career out of.

The Reason to Select a Paramedical Career?

There are many healthcare paramedical courses that one can pursue if he/she has a keen interest in the healthcare field. Here are some of the reasons why paramedical career can be a better choice in 2025 and beyond in India: 

1. Large Requirement: The Indian healthcare sector is growing and there are lakhs of jobs in this industry through the public and private sector so there is a huge requirement of skilled paramedics.
2. Shorter term programs: Most of the paramedical programs are of 1-3 years which means one can join the workforce faster as compared to the MBBS or BDS degree.
3. Variety of opportunities: Paramedical careers go to the hospitals, laboratories, rehabilitation centres, emergency, and even research and global health.
4. Competitive salary packages: Entry salaries are competitive and potentials exist to be promoted either with experience and source of knowledge.

1. Medical Laboratory Technician (MTL)

Role & Scope

As people in diagnostic laboratories, hospitals, medical laboratory technicians are critical. They have primarily the work to take and analyse a sample of blood, urine or other body fluids by means of modern devices.

• Reason of Demand: The high rate of increase in presence of diagnostic, hospitals and knowledge of preventive care has enhanced the demand of the laboratory technicians.
• Places of work: Diagnostics, pathology centres, research laboratories, government and privately owned hospitals.

Eligibility & Course

• Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology (DMLT)
• Bachelor of Science in MLT.

Salary Range: 

• Entry-level: 2.5-3.5 lakh per annum (LPA)
• Experienced: 4-7 LPA

2. Physiotherapist

Role & Scope

Physiotherapists assist patients who need physical recovery, alleviation of pain, and increase of mobility following the injury, operation, or chronic illness. They are mostly required at hospitals, sports centres, and rehab centres.

• Reason of demand: Rise in sports injuries as well as orthopedic counter parts and lifestyle related ailments such as arthritis and paralysis.
• Work location: Hospitals, sports, personal clinics and local health centres.

Eligibility & Course

certificate in Physiotherapy or Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT).

Salary

1. Entry-level: 2.5-3LPA
2. Experience: 5-10 LPA
3. Radiology and Imaging Technician

Role & Scope

Radiology & Imaging Technologists work with an imaging machine like an X-ray, CT scanner and MRI, to diagnose diseases and injuries. They collaborate with physicians to project and identify the health issues of the patient correctly.

Reason  of Demand: Increasing number of diagnostic centres, emerging number of hospitals, improvement in medical imaging technology and more disease detection by use of scans.

Work location: Hospitals, diagnostic centres and radiology labs.

Eligibility & Course

B.Sc. radiology and Imaging technology or Diploma Radiology.

Salary

1. Entry-level 3-4.5 LPA
2. Experienced: 6-8 LPA

4. Operation Theatre (OT) Technician

Role & Scope

OT Technicians have a duty of helping surgeons during, after, and before the surgical procedures. They are involved in preparing operation theatre, sterilization of equipment and assisting with giving anesthesia.

• Reason of Demand: Increasing cases of surgeries, rising number of hospitals, Shortage of skilled staff in critical care settings.
• Places of work: Households, hospitals, surgery centres, specialty clinics.

Eligibility & Course

• Diploma in operation theatre technologies or
• B.Sc. in OT technologies.

Salary Range 

1. Entry-level: 1-3LPA
2. Experienced: 3-5.5 LPA

5. Emergency Medical Technician ( EMT )

Role & Scope

EMTs offer first respondent medical attention during an emergency, including accidents and heart attacks. They are found working in ambulances, trauma centres, and hospitals so that the necessary and speedy care is provided to the patient prior to them getting to the hospital.

Reason of Demand: Increase in need of ambulance services, 24x 7 emergency medical care and government concern about improving the trauma care, particularly after the pandemic.

Work places: Ambulances services, emergency departments, relief teams in case of disaster.

Eligibility & Course

Certificate or diploma in Emergency medical technician course.

Salary Range 

1. Freshers level: 2-3.5 LPA
2. Experience: No more than 5 LPA with fast career expansion opportunities.

6. Optometrist

Role & Scope

Optometrists test and analyze the issues connected with the eyes and prescribe corrective tools. They deal with vision, health care and prevention practice.

• Reason of Demand: The growth of eye disorders caused by the use of the screen, an aging population, and the creation of awareness on vision care.
• Work location: Eye hospitals and clinics, optical stores, non government organizations, eye care chains.

Eligibility & Course

B.Sc Optometry

Salary Range

• Entry-level: 3 LPA-4 LPA
• Experience: 5-8 LPA

Bright Career ahead of Paramedical Students in 2025 and Beyond

In India, the demand of paramedical professionals will exceed 2.5 million by 2030, and thus they are one of the safest and vital divisions of the healthcare sector. Under the current drive by the government to increase the healthcare infrastructure, the list of career choices will grow, not only in major cities; market opportunities will come right here to you in tier-2 and rural zones as well. Furthermore, paramedical professions are not only lucrative, but also rewarding as they make the individuals more respected people and think they are making a contribution to society.

To conclude, the career as a paramedical professional is a stable, growing career with good earning potential and an opportunity to change the lives of the patients. So,students seeking practical jobs that involve stable income with societal importance, and one who is empathetic and cares about job security, any of the 6 options will allow you to create a stable and satisfying career for yourself. You can always pursue a subject in which you are interested and have an ability in but you can be assured that all these will be highly demanded and relevant in the years to come.

Social media platforms have transformed the process of connection, communication, and information consumption among people. In this era of more than 5.2 billion people around the world being active on Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, YouTube, and other newer platforms, the argument is leaning towards its constructive aspect and reaching to its alarming level. New studies such as: The Impact of Social Media on Society: A Systematic Literature Review, are shining their light on the two sides of this digital disruption.

The Main Objectives and the Approach of the Review

The review is systematic and examines hundreds of the peer-reviewed studies that have been published in the past ten years. Following the PRISMA guide (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), the authors narrowed down and combined the strongest aspects of evidence regarding the online activities and the implications of social media sites. The main areas of focus are psychological well-being and social relationships, ethical considerations and digital literacy.

Key Findings: Psychological, Social, and Behavioral effects

1. Community Building and Social Connectivity

The research confirms the fact that social media promotes connectivity since it destroys geographical boundaries and assists in the formation of global communities. Social media networks such as X (previously Twitter), Instagram, and Facebook have enabled individuals to sustain long distance relationships, connect with people with identical ideas and even organize themselves around social issues. The social interaction and community engagement have changed as well, and a lot of users note that they became more aware of social problems and got involved in an activist or disaster relief initiative.

2. Psychological Effects: 

One of the key topics is a complicated psychological effect, positive as well as negative.

Numerous publications raised the alarm about the increase in such problems as anxiety, depression, social comparison, and FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) and young users to a greater extent and adolescents. Nevertheless, there are also the contrary results: substantial numbers of socially isolated older adults say that they feel less lonely and that their emotional support increased due to online communities. Also, features like the likes, shares, and followers can be also the cause of addictive behaviors and influence self-esteem and regulation of time. 

3. Variation in the patterns of communication and privacy.

In the paper, significant changes in communication patterns are recorded and the way that an instant digital dialogue rather than traditional encounters is becoming a trend.

The issues of privacy have reached bubble proportions: over 80 percent of participants of a recent study are concerned with the misuse of personal data and exposure to cyberbullying, as well as the difficulty of digital consent.

The new modes of self-representation and identity production are being established, yet it usually comes at the expense of being online-troubled and cyberbullied.

4. Ethical and Security Problems

The growth of social media has induced new ethical dilemmas. The findings of the research are:

• The massive circulation of fake news, hate speech, privacy infringement, and the absence of identically applicable digital ethics generate cynicism as well as perplexity among users. 
• The security concerns have been steadily increasing including hacking and doxxing and demand of tough legal construct and technical solutions to protect the users.

5. Demographics and Platform Diversity

The most serious psychological and behavioral impact of social media is demonstrated by young adults (18-30). This relationship means the more you use the more prone it is to adverse effects but the more susceptible to improving positive gains, that is, agility in the digital world.

Platform differences count. Image-based networks such as Instagram and TikTok are more influential at an effect on body image and rivalry among their peers, whereas the preference among older generations is to interact using WhatsApp and Facebook to achieve social contact.

As per recent meta-analyses, gender or level of education does not contribute a great deal to overturn the overall positive or negative effects  of social media.  

2025 Real-Time Trends

1. India is first in the number of new sign-ups and total minutes spent by a user with regional language being a key driver of usage.
2. Personalized feeds timed by an algorithm strengthen the trend of echo chambers that further compound the confirmation bias and end up speeding up the process of fake news propagation.
3. Policy in different parts of the world are reflecting digital literacy education, digital protection control, and enhanced media verification features. 

The study concludes prescribing healthy digital future habits. It emphasizes digital literacy and critical thinking at schools and work places, and asks to increase the force of protection against cyber bullying and misuse of data. It also promotes a strategy of screen time balance either during a digital detox or in offline social life it will foster mental health. Lastly it suggests encouraging platforms to come up with better filters, fact-checking and moral user policies.  

All in all, as social media in the 21st century continues to evolve and shape our day to day lives, having digital literacy, ethical use knowledge, and mindful engagement impulse remains vital to reap its benefits while mitigating its challenges for a healthier and more connected society.

Legal medicine also referred to as forensic medicine is a critical arm of medical practice which uses medical expertise in legal aspects. It is what connects law and medicine and enables us to find the truth about the unexplained deaths, crimes, and many other civil and criminal cases. As a medical student or a possible forensic aspirant who dreams of a career in forensic medicine or allied forensic sciences, knowledge of scope and career path of the field besides of the available jobs is an essential ingredient in making your future career plans.

What is Forensic Medicine?

Forensic medicine is the branch of medicine that applies medical and scientific methods of enquiring about evidence that is most often employed in the legal case. It encompasses quite a wide assortment of activities including:

• Screening post-mortem examinations to know the cause of death.
• An assessment of injuries or injuries. 
• Evaluation of sexual assault, poisoning or child abuse.
• Giving expert testimonies in courts. 

The modern forensic medicine is majorly based on well-developed laboratory methodologies and cooperation with law-enforcement departments and judicial officers.

History and origin of Forensic Medicine

The history of forensics medicine dates back thousands of years when the early mankind started to correlate medical knowledge with the legal issues. Historical sources indicate that in such ancient civilizations as ancient China, Egypt, India, Babylonia, Greece and Rome, medical experts were requested to examine injuries, the causes of death, and crimes as early as 2200 BC. for example, The Code of Hammurabi in ancient Babylon contained regulations concerning medical malpractice and punishment of physicians, and ancient Chinese writings date to around 220 BC and indicate that there were already official systems of investigating injuries. 

The Laws of Manu in India (c. 10th century BC) talked of the manner of the witnesses in court. Medical testimony has come over time, particularly in medieval Europe, to be formalized, and by the sixteenth century, nations such as Germany had formulated law codes, under which expert medical opinion was necessary in murder, wound, and poison cases. The phrase forensic medicine was commonly adopted in the early nineteenth century, and however, it is in history that the utility of fundamentals has remained extremely similar which is the application of medical knowledge towards the aid of responding rather eloquently to legal ambiguities and guaranteeing justice in the society. 

Educational Routes in Forensic Medicine

In India, several paths are available to become a part of forensic medicine and sub-specialties:

After 12th (Science Stream):

• Take a B.Sc in Forensic Science (3 years)
• Pursue a masters degree course in forensics such as M.Sc Forensic Science or any other specific diploma/ certificate courses

Medical Route:

• Complete MBBS
• MD in Forensic Medicine( 3 years, post MBBS)

It also offers diploma and certificate courses on specialized fields such as forensic toxicology, forensic biology and DNA fingerprinting to graduates and professionals keen on specialisation. 

Career option And Salary 

Once you have completed your studies, there are a lot of career options you can choose from and pursue. Here are the top picks:

Scope of Forensic Medicines in India 

With a proper degree in forensic medicine, one can become a forensic medicine professional at the following places:

• Government hospitals and medical colleges.
• Forensic laboratories (state & central).
• Law enforcement agencies (Police, CBI, IB, NIA). 
• The courts and the law enforcement. 
• Personal diagnostic clinics. 
• Learning and research institutions. 
• Multinational agencies and emergency teams. 

There is a rise in demand of this field because of the following reasons: 

• The increase in white collar crimes and the necessity to employ science investigations. 
• Acquiring even more legal recourse to expert testimony and objective evidence.
• Diversification into such fields as digital forensics, environmental forensics, and forensic psychology. 

Is Forensic Medicine A Good Career?

Absolutely. Latest reports and employment systems forecast that forensic science and forensic medicine are one of the most expected career industries in the world with an envisaged development by more than 11-16% by the year 2030. Experienced professionals and those with niche specializations (like cyber forensics or DNA analysis) are especially in demand. The profession is a synthesis of career security, intellectual stimulation and social contribution to society.

Steps for Aspiring Students

1. Complete Class 12th with Science Stream including Physics, Chemistry, Biology.
2. Choose Your Path:

• Forensic Science: Enroll in B.Sc Forensic Science after 12th.
• Forensic Medicine: Take MBBS and specialize with an MD.

1. Consider Advanced Studies or Certifications for higher pay and growth. You may opt for M.Sc, Ph.D., or fellowship in specialized disciplines.
2. Keep Informed of new findings- read journals, go to workshops and keep track of new decreases in forensic technology.
3. Connect to professionals: Attend seminars, forensic conferences and get to know practitioners to be aware of the latest trends and propose job offers.

Skills needed in a Fruitful Career in Forensic Medicine

• The ability to analyze and observe keenly
• Medical, biological, and chemical knowledge
• The capacity to be systematic and to be detail-oriented
• Efficient witnessing communication skills in the courtroom
• Objectivity and integrity in the reporting of findings 

Indian forensic medicine is progressive, has a good reputation and looks to the future. This field can offer you tremendous opportunities regardless of whether you want to work in the very core of criminal investigations, teach in one of the leading medical establishments, and offer your professional suggestions in one of the high-profile cases. Make a correct decision about the field of study, develop your knowledge, and mould a profession that will really contribute to society.

FAQs

Q: Does forensic medicine need NEET?

A: NEET is normally needed in the case of when someone wants to do MBBS and afterward do MD in forensics. NEET is not a requisite in a B.Sc in Forensic Science, and mostly the admissions are based on merit-based or through university-based entrance examinations.

Q: How much is the starting salary of professionals in forensic medicine?

A: At the entry level, a forensic science/medicine job has a salary range of 2-10 lakhs per year on the basis of candidate experience/ position and employer. Private and senior consultants are paid significantly more.

Q: Are there international opportunities?

A: Yes, there are demands of qualified forensic doctors and scientists in the world market particularly in countries such as the US, UK and Australia where the salary is very high.

Q: Where to get complete info about forensic medicine? 

A: You can refer to this research paper published in Science Direct research papers portal: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/forensic-medicine Though the above article covers everything an aspirant needs to know, going through the research paper with a fresh pair of eyes can be beneficial for not only understanding the topic but also deciding whether it is an ideal career for you.  

Students visualizing to plead a case in the Supreme Court or preparing important legal policies, they must start first their law career by taking the right law entrance exam. Thousands of students with keen interest in law, who are spread all around India, battle over a few seats in top law institutions of the country each year. National-level entrance exams open these possibilities; they are strict tests selecting future leaders in the legal field. 

Why Take the National-level Law Entrance Exam?

• Widest Acceptance: These exams open doors to top government law universities (NLUs), major private colleges, and even globally renowned institutions. 
• Fair Competition: A level field of all the students irrespective of their backgrounds and state. 
• Most Recent Curriculum: The curriculum is always updated according to the current legal, social, and technological realities. 

Major National-Level Law Entrance Exams in India 

Here are the top national law entrance exams every law aspirant should know about:

Common Law Admission Test (CLAT)

1. Accepted by: 24 National Law Universities (NLUs) and 50+ private/public law schools.
2. Courses: 5 year integrated BA/BBA/BCom/BSc LLB and 1 year LLM.
3. Exam Time: 2-hours.
4. Total Questions: 120 (MCQ).
5. Marking Scheme: 1 mark per correct response, -0.25 per incorrect Mendham mark: 1 mark per correct, -0.25 per incorrect.
6. Subjects of CLAT:

• English Language
• Current affairs & general knowledge
• Legal Reasoning
• Logical Reasoning
• Quantitative Techniques

CLAT is more concerned with understanding and logical abilities as opposed to rote learning. The legal reasoning section is aimed at testing logical thinking about the cases of the law, and no former knowledge is required. The GK and current affairs portion is approximately 25 percent and it consists of content involving politics, history, Geography, current events, and legal news. 

All India Law Entrance Test (AILET)

1. Accepted by: National Law University Delhi (NLU Delhi) alone.
2. Courses: 5-year BA LLB (Hons.), LLM, PhD.
3. Exam Mode: Offline 
4. Duration of exam: 2 hours.
5. Total Questions: 150 (MCQ)
6. Marking Scheme: +1 If correct -0.25 If wrong
7. AILET Topics Covered:

• English Language (50 Questions)
• Current Affairs & General Knowledge (30 Questions)
• Logical Reasoning (70 Questions)

The legal reasoning has been incorporated into the logical reasoning and no technical knowledge in the law is required by questions. The test is regarded as one of the most difficult tests in India. One has to be accurate and time conscious.

LSAT—India (Law School Admission Test – India)

1. Accepted by: 20+ top private law colleges (Jindal Global Law School, UPES, others).
2. Courses: 5 year LLB, 3year LLB, LLM.
3. Examination: Online remote-proctor.
4. Examination Time: 2.20.
5. Total Questions: 92 (across 4 sections).
6. Marking scheme: No negative marks
7. Sections on LSAT-India 2025:

• Analytical Reasoning (23 Questions, 35 mins)
• Logical Reasoning 1 (22 Questions, 35 mins)
• Logical Reasoning 2 (23 Questions, 35 mins)
• Reading Comprehension (24 Questions, 35 mins)

LSAT-India mainly stresses on critical and rational analysis rather than memory recall. Analytical reasoning contains puzzles and scenarios; the reading comprehension part contains passages of humanities sciences and issues of interest. 

AICLET (All  India Common Law Entrance Test)

1. Accepted by: 80+ top private law colleges .
2. Courses: BA  LLB, Bcom LLB, BBA LLB, LLM, LLB
3. Examination: Online (100%)
4. Examination Time: 60 minutes
5. Total Questions: 100
6. Marking scheme: No negative marks
7. Sections on LSAT-India 2025:

• Analytical Reasoning 
• Logical Reasoning
• Reading Comprehension 
• English Language
• Current Affairs & General Knowledge

AICLET is a national-level entrance exam powered by edinbox to help students get admission at the top private colleges from the comfort of their home without the unnecessary hassle of running from center-to center for entrance exams. It provides the modern students with the much needed exam format and pattern which makes the student get the best colleges as well as the colleges get the desired talent. AICLET lays emphasis on clear understanding and thinking rather than rote learning. Legal aptitude is integrated into the logical reasoning part; the candidates are not supposed to be law abiding. Current affairs and GK makes up a big part of the total weightage of the exam that covers even politics, history, geography, major current event subjects, legal news and many more. 

Know Which Law Entrance Exam To Take

1. Dream College: CLAT for entering NLUs, AILET entering NLU Delhi, LSAT-India entering the high-ranked private institutions and AICLET for entering top law colleges.
2. Aptitude: LSAT-India is meant for those who read and reason well and can also analyze the surroundings in a critical manner.
3. Exam Competition: CLAT exam is the most competitive and most attempted law entrance exam, while other exams are not as competitive. AICLET is a home-based entrance exam that can be taken through mobile, laptop or desktop and the competition is less because it is the latest entrance exam for law aspirants in India.

Guidelines to Law Entrance Aspirants

1. Read Newspaper: It’ll enhance the understanding of English, GK and so on.
2. Practice Mock Tests: It is used to get you acquainted with the new exam pattern and timing.
3. Study Past Papers: It’ll help understand what to expect. It contains the common themes and patterns of questions.
4. Reasoning and Analysis: These are skills which are relevant to all national-level exams.

Your legal future can be determined by the selection of the suitable law entrance examination. Get the information of any exam on their official portal which will provide all the timely updates and changes in pattern and also about the syllabus. And not to forget, power reading and reasoning are your greatest pals. 

Refer to the official websites of these entrance exams for more details and take the exam that aligns with your needs.

The Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana has been approved by the Union Cabinet, headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, to run over an approximate 6-year duration starting in the 2025-26 financial year. This scheme, which was in the Union Budget 2025-26, will catalyze the expansion of agriculture, and allied occupation in 100 pre-designated districts in India. It is the first one in its kind that focuses on directly enhancing agriculture and its peripheries by overcoming the existing inefficiencies in output, crop diversification, and access to credits.

In this plan, 100 districts shall be picked according to three key indicators namely; low agricultural productivity, low cropping intensity and inadequate disbursement of credits. In order to provide representation, at least one district each of all the states as well as Union Territories will be chosen and the number will represent the proportionate share of net cropped area and the number of operational agricultural holdings.

The programme will run through amalgamation and convergence of 36 of the existing central government schemes spread over 11 ministries and departments, and assisted by corresponding schemes on the state level, as well as the involvement of the partners in the private sector. The main targets are to increase crop productivity, encourage sustainable and diversified cropping, scale up post-harvest storage facilities at panchayat/block-level and extension of irrigation infrastructure and to provide long-term as well as short-term credit to farmers. 

District, state, and national committees will be formed to facilitate implementation and monitoring of the policies. A District Dhan-Dhaanya Samiti (which will consist of progressive farmers) at the district level shall develop a District Agriculture and Allied Activities Plan, that suits its local needs and yet based on the national goals. Among them are water and soil conservation, increasing organic and natural agriculture and wide crop diversification. 

In order to measure the scheme progress, 117 key performance indicators will be monitored, and implementation will be done on a monthly basis on a digital dashboard. They will give recommendations to NITI Aayog, who will direct and review district plans after some time. Also, it will appoint central nodal officers to each district that will monitor the implementation of the scheme and present periodic reports.

The total outlay by the PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana is 24,000 crore annually and the Cabinet are hoping that about 1.7 crore farmers will reap the benefits of the coordinated efforts, enhanced facilities, and wider coverage that PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana will have. The government hopes that with such indicators improving in these selected districts, the overall agricultural indicators of India will also have a positive upward shift which can be utilized to realize the bigger aspirations of self-reliance and increased livelihoods in the countryside.

To conclude, the Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana is a purpose-specific, multi-pronged initiative that aims at aligning the laggard agricultural districts with the national measures of productivity and sustainability in a closely coordinated, monitored system.

As a society, we often prioritise academic achievement over the emotional well-being of our children. The stress of shifting schools and cities can have a profound impact on young minds, leading to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and isolation.

Reminiscing 2020’s global house-arrest and with campuses being closed and online learning being pursued, edtech push by COVID is now stronger than the fintech push by demonetization. The teacher-student model has ceased to exist for ever now, and we are moving to a qualitatively different mentor-learner model not just in the current digital learning phase, but also in the post pandemic times ahead. Beyond this complete campus lockdown phase, during which time mentoring-learning-assessing has gone online globally, we shall be moving towards blended phygital education ahead, which will be the new normal ahead, and will make the new model of mentor-learner firmly entrenched.

Learning or academics or education broadly has three functions: creation of learning content through research, writing, packaging with visuals; dissemination of learning through classes, lectures, notes, self-study, discussions; & assessment and evaluation of the education of the learner by various methods. All these three have been majorly impacted by the self-isolation imposed to ensure social distancing so that the learners and the mentors may first be protected from the spread of the infection of COVID19. The lockdown across the world is simultaneously a boon and a bane for the teaching-learning community today.

Teacher to Mentor:

The teacher was a sage on the stage, introducing every new topic, speaking the last word on it, sticking to a structured syllabus as prescribed, interpreting it as s/he deems right, finishing the syllabus and focusing on examination and evaluation to complete the cycle of delivery of education. He often demands respect, and relies on the power to punish to set things right (not always, though). Teacher teaches and often sermonizes.

Each premise noted above is changing now.

Mentor today is a co-learner, may be the first stimulus for a topic but never the last word, starts from a structured syllabus but is expected to move towards organic learning depending upon the variegated interest areas of groups of learners, aggregates learning resources from multiple sources and shares with the learners, is more a guide, second parent and agony shelter of sorts for the learners. Examination also is diverse and evaluation is just one more function and not the ultimate yardstick of learning and brilliance of the learner. Mentor may often be less informed about an issue, but with a better perspective to guide. Mentor engages and inspires.

Learning Resources Aggregation & Delivery:

To begin with being the new age mentor, a massive train the trainer and capacity building is needed today. For this, first the mentor has to be a digital personality with smartphone and net connection, and with laptop and wifi connection. Next, one has to learn how to create, deliver and engage in content across multiple online platforms, and how to take matter learnt online to matter practiced offline face to face. Third, one has to now learn assessment with open book through analysis and application, through quiz, through applied projects, through phygital presentation and actual work in labs and studios after using virtual labs and studios.

Creating the learning resources was quite easy earlier. There were the books, often called text and reference books, then the power-point presentation of the teacher, and then chalk and talk. And the topic was first introduced in a class, post which notes were given, books were mentioned, and later examination was conducted to check memory and a bit of understanding.

The game is changed now. And totally so.

The concept of proprietary content (the mentor’s own videos, audio or podcast content, power-points, cases, info-graphics etc), aggregated content (books, monographs, videos, podcasts, URLs, pdfs, cases, etc taken from the internet, YouTube and Vimeo, etc), and also massive open/closed online learning resources (free ones like Swayam or NAPTEL, paid ones like those of Coursera or LinkedIn, and the university’s own online courses): these three are the learning resources today.

The mentor is expected to make a mix of proprietary, aggregated and online learning resources, suitably arranging them from the easies one to the toughest one and offer to the learners digitally (using Google Class, emails, or better, Learning Management Systems like Canvas or TCSion, Blackboard or Collaborate, etc,) at least a week or more before they meet digitally or physically to discuss the content. This is called Flipped Classroom where the learners get learning content much in advance, read, watch or listen to the same asynchronously at their own time, place or pace, note down things they have not understood or have questions on, and come to the digital/physical classroom synchronously, to clarify doubts, discuss cases, debate on conclusions drawn and participate in quiz or analytical or applied assignments. Delivery of the online session can be on any platform: MS Teams, Zoom, Webex, Google Meet and can move from the synchronous digital classroom to asynchronous digital chatroom debates and discussions for further clarification.

This makes the task for Content Creation and Content Delivery for the mentors much more diverse, tech-savvy, and tougher than the traditional teacher’s job.

Learners’ Engagement & Evaluation:

Further, education will now move from a system imposed disciplined endeavour to voluntarily participated and internalized process. It will be truly a learner-centric education now in the new normal, and shall be far more participative than the past. The learner in the digital or blended mode is learning voluntarily and not on the basis of an imposed discipline on campus through a web of rules and power dynamics. While voluntary learning will throw many non-interested or apathetic learners out of the learning circle, it will also make many focused learners internalize education better and apply it in a more focused manner at his or her individual level.

Also, with Artificial Intelligence, robotics, automation, Machine Learning and internet of things being the other emerging realities, the skills for mass production or education to do the same work repeatedly will be totally irrelevant ahead when machines will take over almost all such work (more than three fourths of all human work today). Hence, new age skills, apart from technology use, have to be in areas like creativity, innovation, incubation, problem-solving, teamwork, leadership, critical thinking, design thinking, empathy, emotional intelligence and risk management. Each of these can be qualitatively and quantitatively mentored to any youth from an early age of say 15 years till 25 years of age, and will become his or her second nature.

To deliver such a learning, the learners’ engagement techniques have to be more tech-savvy (google forms, polls, surveys, quiz, virtual lab and studio, AI tools, etc) and also with higher emotional quotient (use of humour, videos, info-graphics, empathy in the class, allowing diversity of opinion, wellness conscious, etc).

Even the evaluation or assessment has to be diverse. Assessment refers to learner performance; it helps us decide if students are learning and where improvement in that learning is needed. Evaluation refers to a systematic process of determining the merit value or worth of the instruction or programme; it helps us determine if a course is effective (course goals) and informs our design efforts. Assessment and evaluation can be both formative (carried out during the course) and summative (carried out following the course). There can be many ways for the same. Mentors can make learners aware of expectations in advance (e.g. one week for feedback from deadline) and keep them posted (announcement: all projects have been marked). For example, one can create tests that are multiple choice, true/false, or short answer essays and one can set the assessments to automatically provide feedback.

When online, evaluation can be on the basis of proctored digital examination or open-book analytical and applied evaluation with non-google-able questions. And this is surely not an easy task for the mentors as teachers of the past were used to repeat past questions, had set patterns of questions, examinations were ‘suggestions’ and memory based, and not application based in general. Online quiz, open book examination with time-managed and proctored question paper delivered online, applied questions not based on memory but comprehension, telephonic interview etc have been the usual ways of digital assessment and evaluation of learning.

There will be offline evaluation also. Here, the assessment can be based on offline written examinations, field-survey based presentation or report writing, debates, lab/studio-based practical, or a peer-group work, or a submission of a long-term real life or live project.

Digital Learning Tools Today:

The pandemic requires universities to rapidly offer online learning to their students. Fortunately, technology and content are available to help universities transition online quickly and with high quality, especially on the digital plank, though at a cost and with the risk of several teachers and administrators being forced to go out of the system.

Digital learning on the go or from distance calls for tech-led holistic solutions. It requires several content pieces to be transmitted digitally. These content pieces can be in the form of pdfs, ppts, URLs, YouTube links, podcast links, case-studies, etc. There can also be e-books, audio-books, kindle based content, magzter sourced magazines, etc. Then this can involve learning without being face to face through boxes, as in Google Class, or learning face to face as in Zoom live audio-visual discussions. People may also use GoToMeetings or MicrosoftMeet sessions also. Attendance can be taken on Google Spreadsheet and through WhatsApp Group chat of a batch of students too.

Then there are MOOCs, collaborative distance learning, wikis, blogs etc. Individual resource-rich institutes develop their customized secured and IPR protected Learning Management Systems, through the use of BlackBoard or TCSion LMS. Other LMS options like Kaltura or Impartus allowing video recording of talks also ar in use in many places. There are CourseEra courses, Swayam online lessons from UGC and similar other avenues to learn online.

Learning digitally can be further assisted with Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) which can take the viewer to an enhanced experience even integrating scenarios which are yet to happen creatively bringing them within the learning experience. These are immersive and contextual experiences, and artificial intelligence driven chatbots can further enhance the digital interface of the learner and the mentor.

Digital Learning Value-adds:

Incorporating big data analytics and content management, educators can develop an individualized curriculum that enhances how each student learns (e.g. playlist of learning content in WiseWire changing for each student). Many in the West have started the use of the millennials' language and style: Khan Academy video lessons, YouTube use, distinct style and language for young learners. Twitter, Tumblr, Snapchat, Imessage, Instagram, Facebook & Whatsapp are being creatively integrated with school education. There is a case of a management school in India, where the professor sends a 3 minutes interesting video on the subject he is taking up next through group whatsapp to increase interest in the batch towards the topic being taught.

In the US, the smart-phone applications like Socrative and Plickers are helping teachers interact and assess students’ progress, collaborate via cloud-based applications to work and solve a common goal. Teachers can publish real-time quizzes and polls for students via mobile devices to keep them engaged.

Further, using anything from iMovie to WeVideo, learners can create video as a learning resource. YouTube (with privacy settings) and SeeSaw or Flipgrid are also alternatives learners can make use of. The benefits of SeeSaw and Flipgrid are that students can add voice recordings or text sharing feedback with peers. Students became the co-creators of content and as a result, more engaged, including their parents. Useful apps like Book Creator, Explain Everything and EduCreations can be utilised towards this end. 

There are various software used to create digital content, like Camtasia, Raptivity, Captivate, Articulate Online, etc.

Yes alongside, social media use extensively will support learning online. Facebook Page can broadcast updates and alerts. Facebook Group or Google Hangout with advanced features in G-suite can stream live lectures and host discussions. Twitter can act as a class message board. The 256 characters help to keep messages succinct. Instagram can be used for photo essays. One can create a class blog for discussions. There are many different platforms available, such as WordPress, SquareSpace, Wix, Blogger for that. And, one can create a class-specific Pinterest board as well.

Students to Learners:

With mentors replacing teachers, the students cannot be the pre COVID typical students any more going ahead.

Students study in classroom, are taught by teachers, limited to given syllabus, and study for marks, grades, degrees. Students give exams in written and on the basis of suggestions or set patters of evaluation.

Learners study within and beyond the classroom, from mentors, peers, personal experience, books, digitally aggregated content, through projects and through assignments. Learners learn for lifetime application, and hence learn to learn further as things learnt today are obsolete soon. Self-learning or learning to learn is hence a major cultivated skill for the present day learners, especially in higher education, as techniques and technologies are changing in the work-place in less than five years now. Learners also learn organically. While structured syllabus must be completed for foundation and examination, organic learning is about self-driven learning in few chosen areas out of interest, assisted by the mentors.

Yes, for this, doubling public education expenditure, digital access to the hinterland, considering digital connectivity as a human right, digital literacy as a fundamental pre-requisite in any work, providing cell phones and laptops or tabs en masse, announcing cheaper data packages for students, CSR in the field of domain of digital connectivity by corporate houses, etc and more would be needed soonest to bridge the yawning digital divide in the otherwise class divided society. It must be noted that even UNESCO has noted that only 48% of Indian learners’ community of 283 million is receiving some sort of online education today, the rest 52% going bereft of any form of formal learning whatsoever for more than a year now! And among these 48%, the girl-students are having a worse fate in the poorer families due to limited digital devices to which the sons have a higher access than the daughters.

Conclusion:

India has been speaking of digital education for long but it has stayed on as a possibility and not a reality for more than a decade now. Even IITs and IIMs have used digital platforms on the side for sharing of content and debating on issues sporadically. The larger mass of 1300 plus universities and some 44,000 colleges have actually not digitized their content, not made access to online learning mainstay of their teaching-learning process, except the distance learning universities. In fact, the old school educationists looked at online and distance education with some disdain all across South Asia. They are in for a major shock now. The digital divide needs fast bridging through the promise of 6% of the GDP for public education, through 2% of profits for CSR given here, and through civil society initiatives like getting smart-phones, laptops and tabs for the less privileged.

It is clear that going ahead digital access will be a human right, and those in governance must wake up to the reality that youngsters need in expensive tablets and easy data access. A nation that spends less than 3% of national budget for public education (lower than Tanzania, Angola and Ghana, et al), with the states putting in 2.5 (Bihar) to 26% (Delhi), with Delhi being the only state in double digits, cannot ensure digital education for the masses, unless allocation of funds and their transparent spending happen.

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Prof. Ujjwal Anu Chowdhury

The author is Vice President, Washington University of Science and Technology and Editorial Mentor, edInbox.com

The last two years have clearly shown that technology-aided remote schooling is neither fully possible nor completely desirable. 

Lest we forget that India is a nation of more than one-third of the population in the 15 to 25 years age-bracket, the most promising period of life when one decides career path, subjects for learning, types of work to do, and becomes self-dependent in the process.