Goan Doctor warns about the rising threat of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in India

Dr. Amit Dias, Assistant Professor at Goa Medical College, discussed the virus's potential risks, its impact on vulnerable populations with Edinbox Senior Correspondent Nibedita. 

Sharing his expertise on the emerging threat of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that has been detected in India, he mentioned, "HMPV is a respiratory virus that affects the respiratory tract, causing illnesses ranging from mild cold-like symptoms to severe respiratory distress, especially in young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals."

When asked about the current spread of HMPV, Dr. Dias explained that the virus has been reported globally, with periodic outbreaks, particularly during late winter and spring. Recent spikes in cases have been noted in regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. In India, the first cases of HMPV were reported in Bengaluru, with two children recovering from the infection. Dr. Dias suspects that there may be many more cases in the country, as HMPV will likely remain undetected since it is not usually tested for.

Dr. Dias emphasized that HMPV is not a new virus, having been first identified in 2001 in the Netherlands. He noted that the virus has been circulating for over 50 years, and by the age of 5, virtually all children have been exposed to it. The virus is structurally an enveloped RNA virus with a genome prone to mutations, which may affect its transmissibility and severity.

Regarding the incubation period of HMPV, Dr. Dias stated that it ranges from 4 to 6 days. Symptoms usually appear after this period and can persist for 1 to 2 weeks, depending on the individual's immune response. Dr. Dias also highlighted that many emerging viruses, including SARS and COVID-19, have originated in China due to its dense population, close human-animal interactions, and thriving wet markets that facilitate zoonotic spillovers.

According to him, HMPV has the potential to become another COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. Dias stated that while HMPV is a serious respiratory pathogen, "It does not currently exhibit the same level of transmissibility or global impact as SARS-CoV-2. However, he emphasized the importance of continuous monitoring and preparedness."

Dr. Dias explained that the symptoms of HMPV can range from mild to severe, presenting as Influenza-like Illness (ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI). Mild cases may resemble a common cold, with symptoms such as cough, nasal congestion, sore throat, and fever. Severe cases can present with wheezing, shortness of breath, and hypoxia, potentially leading to pneumonia or bronchiolitis, especially in vulnerable groups.

To prevent the spread of HMPV, Dr. Dias recommended personal hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing and avoiding touching the face. He also emphasized the importance of respiratory etiquette, isolation, and cleaning. Dr. Dias noted that while there is no specific treatment or vaccine for HMPV, symptomatic treatment and prevention measures can help mitigate its impact.

The Government of India has issued guidelines to enhance preparedness for HMPV, emphasizing timely reporting of ILI and SARI cases. Dr. Dias urged the public to stay informed, but not to panic, as HMPV can be prevented with good hygiene practices and awareness. He emphasized the importance of staying alert, staying prepared, and trusting the guidelines provided by health authorities.

HIGHLIGHTS 

This week, India reported its first case of HMPV in a 8 month old boy and three month old girl, in Bengaluru. Subsequently we now have reports of 7 positive cases in the country. Two each in Bengaluru, Nagpur and TN and one in Ahmedabad. We need to be alert and not panic, it is not a COVID like situation. I suspect that there would be many more cases in the country. The detected cases are not linked to China.