Classrooms are supposed to be places of inquiry, teamwork, and development. More and more, they're becoming war zones in which instructors have to fight to deliver instruction while containing rages, aggression, and defiance. In classrooms all over America, teachers sound the alarm that student behavior has insidiously become the public schools' number one crisis — even surpassing compensation as their greatest concern.

A national survey conducted by the National Education Association (NEA) in 2024, responding to nearly 3,000 teachers and education support professionals, reported that four out of five educators now consider student behavior a "serious problem." For 81% of them, misconduct and acting-out are no longer occasional disruptions — they are everyday realities structuring how learning happens.

An increasing burden on educators

The implications are stark. The RAND Corporation documented last year that 44% of teachers identify student behaviour as their main source of job stress, while Pew Research calculated that 80% of teachers encounter behavioural issues at least several times a week. Over half deal with them every single day.

Teacher surveys across Idaho to Iowa to Rhode Island are saying the same thing: Whether it's disrespect, verbal tirades, or physical outbursts, the cost is personal as well as professional. Delaware teachers, for instance, miss an average of seven hours of class time per month to behavioral crises, as measured by a 2024 DSEA survey. Middle school teachers report losing nearly ten. “We’re at a crisis point in public education that’s only going to get worse —until administrators, school boards, and state legislators take corrective action,” warns Stephanie Ingram, President of the Delaware State Education Association.

The shortage of teachers nationwide is no longer just about salaries or long hours, it is about classrooms becoming unsafe, exhausting spaces to work in.

Burnout in real time

For teachers in the trenches, the crisis is immediate. In Connecticut, teacher Elsa Batista had no equivocation: "Teaching has become mentally, emotionally, and physically draining. We are strong, resilient, and imaginative, but we need support. Right now, that's not occurring, and we cannot lose more teachers", reports neaToday.

That sentiment is echoed elsewhere. In Rhode Island, 74% of teachers surveyed reported students acting out, and 40% said student violence, towards peers and staff, has increased. Nationally, nearly 70% of teachers say they have experienced verbal abuse from students, with one in five enduring such treatment multiple times a month.

Searching for solutions

Though school cellphone bans have been welcome, teachers say piecemeal solutions won't cut it. Solutions teachers demand are straightforward and uniform: Reduced class sizes, more support from administrators, genuine parental engagement, additional paraprofessionals, and mental health professionals who have the ability to actually address student needs.

As Joslyn DeLancey, Connecticut Education Association Vice President, asserts: "We have to make an investment in public education. It is the single most important investment we can make," as quoted by neaToday.

Lessons for students, and the system

For young people, the crisis today isn't necessarily about more rules or punishment. The truth is more nuanced: The increasing mental health challenges, absence of support systems, and lingering specter of pandemic-era learning loss are reconfiguring the ways in which young people engage in school. Behind each meltdown is a student struggling to keep up, frequently without access to tools that might assist.

But unless the policymakers, parents, and administrators move with determination, the struggle will keep on paying for all: Lost instructional time for students, rising anxiety for educators, and a flight from a profession already strained to its limit.

The lesson is straightforward. In order to restore classrooms as places of learning and growth, US needs to meet a reality its own teachers are already expressing: The children are not alright, and neither are their educators.

As a student, parent or teacher in India, you might frequently come across NCERT and SCERT, which are two important organisations that influence school education in the country. But what are they? What do they do? Let’s understand it in simple terms.

What is NCERT?

National Council of Educational Research and Training, also known as NCERT, is an education body established by the Government of India in the year 1961 to improve the quality of school education in the country.

In simple terms, NCERT is the key driver of educational development in India. It designs the national curriculum framework, develops textbooks, creates teaching resources, and provides training guidelines mainly for the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) schools and many other affiliated boards.

A few critical facts about NCERT you need to know

  1. It produces regular course books and study material for classes 1-12.
  2. The NCERT books have generally been quite clear, simple and easy to read, hence they are commonly suggested as part of preparations in competitive exams, such as JEE, NEET, etc.
  3. It operates such that in celebrating the cultural diversity of India, it promotes a unified national framework of education.
  4. NCERT promotes research and innovations in teaching practices and teacher training throughout India.
  5. It also publishes periodicals, supplementary books, learning kits and multimedia to support learning.

As an example, by studying in a school that is affiliated to the CBSE, you stick principally to the NCERT syllabus as well as textbooks. The NCERT enjoys a close working relationship with the Ministry of Education to ensure that the curriculum is currently in line with the development in the trends of education and the new policies laid out by the government, such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. 

What is SCERT?

SCERT refers to the State Council of Educational Research and Training. All states in India have their SCERT that functions closely like a mini NCERT. This means there are separate SCERTs of Odisha, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, etc, which govern the curricula of their schooling. 

SCERT refines and adapts the national curriculum developed by NCERT and alters it in a manner compatible with the local requirements, culture, language, and priorities of the state. It creates textbooks and teacher-training programs targeted towards schools that are connected with the state education boards.

Important facts about SCERT:

  • It is in partnership with the NCERT and aligns education with the state-specific contexts.
  • SCERT revises and determines the curriculum, and it meets local history or geography as well as regional languages.
  • It operates state-level teacher training, research, curriculum development and evaluation programs.
  • Schools that are affiliated with the state boards mainly follow the SCERT curriculum and textbooks.

NCERT vs SCERT

Feature

NCERT

SCERT

Level

National

State

Curriculum Scope

National Curriculum Framework (NCF) mainly for CBSE and central schools

Adapted state-specific curriculum aligned with NCF

Role

Develops uniform standards and materials

Customizes NCERT materials for local needs

Language Focus

Mainly Hindi, English, plus regional languages nationally

Focus on local state languages

Textbooks

Used widely by CBSE and many private schools

Used by state government schools

Training & Research

National teacher training programs and educational research

State-specific teacher training and research

Why NCERT and SCERT Are Important?

Both NCERT and SCERT make sure that education has been provided to all students with quality content that is relevant, fair, and inclusive. At this higher level exists the provision of the big picture and uniform standards by NCERT versus ensuring education is meaningful to children in their own state context, which SCERT does.

The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) created by NCERT is the backbone of most school education in India, and SCERT helps implement this framework effectively in each state.

Key Takeaway

NCERT is the national education research and training program with textbooks and curriculum focused mainly on central schools and CBSE. CERT is the education council responsible for creating and administering curricula of the state board schools, treating the local culture and language. Both collaborate to strategise quality, balanced, and inclusive education.

In addition, if the school is CBSE, you study from NCERT books; if it is a state board school, you study SCERT books (which are usually NCERTs with a slightly different curriculum). By understanding NCERT and SCERT, students as well as parents can understand how their textbooks and lessons are made and why they are designed the way they are. 

Moreover, for competitive exams and higher education, relying on NCERT books is highly recommended because of their clarity and aligned syllabus. This is why NCERTS are recommended for all the competitive exams in India.  

All in all, NCERT and SCERT are the sibling organisations that drive the Indian education system as well as educational developments in India.

Enrolment of students in govt schools in the state has consistently gone down in the post-Covid years, statistics placed in the legislative council indicate.

Figures released by the department of school education and literacy Monday indicated that admissions in the state-run primary schools and high schools fell significantly in the last three academic years.

Quoting the figures, Congress' ML Anil Kumar said student enrollment had decreased by 4.7 lakh. "Whereas student enrollment in 2022-23 was at 45.4 lakh, it dropped to 42.9 lakh. The same figures for 2024-25 crashed to 40.7 lakh," Kumar said.

Education and literacy minister Madhu Bangarappa informed the House that the govt was conscious of the issue and was acting to turn the situation around.

"Among the key problems affecting admissions is the lack of pre-primary classes in govt schools," Bangarappa stated. "We have now initiated around 5,000 LKG-UKG classes apart from introducing bilingual education. We expect that these steps will attract more students towards govt schools."

Bangarappa informed that Karnataka Public Schools — offering continuous schooling from kindergarten to pre-university — were opened to increase enrolments. "The govt has been establishing such schools in rural areas on priority," he added.

Official statistics placed before the discussion indicated there were a number of proposals to shut state high schools. Still, Bangarappa asserted that the govt is not going to close any school because of low enrolment.

"We have had proposals to close schools with extremely poor student strength. But we have not closed a single primary school on the basis of poor admissions. I assure the House that we will not close such schools in the future either," he said.

Contrary to the minister's statement, a high school at Hulikal, Tumakuru district, was closed in 2023-24 because of insufficient student strength.

Bangarappa further stated the govt will finish recruitment of teachers in Kalyana Karnataka region within four months of issue of internal reservation quota. Responding to a calling attention by BJP's CT Ravi in the legislative council, Bangarappa stated there are 16,577 teacher vacancies in govt primary schools in Kalyana Karnataka and over 33,527 vacancies in the rest of the state. The govt had sanctioned filling of 4,882 posts, but filling was put on hold due to outstanding internal reservation matters.

When the Prime Minister's Internship Scheme (PMIS) was announced in the 2024-25 Budget, it was billed as a turning point in India's quest to fill the gap between academia and industry. The vision of the government was ambitious and worthy: to provide one crore internships to young people in the country's best 500 firms within five years. A pilot scheme was launched in October 2024, marking seriousness of intent. However, months after its launch, an uncomfortable question hangs in the air: Why are many students turning down offers?

A bold vision meets lukewarm response

The first phase of the PM Internship Scheme was anything but humble. Over 1.27 lakh internship placements were advertised by 280 partnering firms. The fervor on paper was uncontestable; more than 6.21 lakh applications were received from roughly 1.81 lakh candidates. Partner firms made 82,000 offers, but there the first indication of unease lay: Just 28,000 students accepted, and a paltry 8,700 joined their internships.

In the second round, launched on January 9, 2025, the story repeated itself. 327 companies offered over 1.18 lakh internships, yet the gap between opportunities created and opportunities availed showed little sign of narrowing.

The students’ dilemma

Minister of State for Corporate Affairs, Harsh Malhotra, in reply in the Lok Sabha, did not hesitate to acknowledge the mismatch. "Against this, over 6.21 lakh applications were received by around 1.81 lakh candidates. Partner companies issued over 82,000 internship offers, and over 28,000 candidates accepted offers to join the internship. Over 8,700 candidates joined their internship in round I," he informed the House, PTI reported.

The issue is not lack of interest but dissonance. Students are interested in internships but wary of trade-offs. Malhotra himself admitted the reasons. "Going by simultaneous evaluation and feedback survey conducted by Ministry of Corporate Affairs, outgoing calls done by the call centre to candidates and feedback from other stakeholders including candidates, industry & industry associations and state governments, the reason for non-acceptance of offer or non-joining of internship by applicants are consideration of location, length of internship, pursuit of higher studies etc," he informed Lok Sabha, according to PTI.

Fissures in the structure

Fundamentally, the problem is one of alignment. The scheme is propagating scale, but the youth are expecting feasibility. Most of the students are from towns and semi-urban areas; moving to an internship for a temporary period is usually economically not possible. Time, also, becomes a turnoff; juggling studies, exam periods, and higher education plans makes it hard for students to sign up.

Additionally, while the scheme anchors itself with marquee firms, the placements are not necessarily coordinated with student ambition. A technology student might be reluctant to move to a Tier-2 city for a job that does not suit her skill set, whereas a management student would not see much sense in an internship that gives exposure without scope of future opportunities.

Lessons for the rollout

The government explicitly clarified that this is still a pilot. Malhotra ensured that "the full-scale rollout of the scheme would be based on the feedback received from the stakeholders, consultations and evaluation of outcomes during the implementation of the pilot project," according to PTI.

The numbers indicate the desire is there, more than 3.38 lakh students have done round-one and 3.46 lakh round-two registrations. But the link from intent to action must be strengthened. Internships now are not merely about visibility; they are about relevance, accessibility, and alignment with the career pipeline.

India's ambitious human space mission is coming to a pivotal new stage, with the Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) set to launch the Gaganyaan-1 (G1) mission in December.

Isro officials have assured IndiaToday.in that this historic mission, which is the first in a series of seminal unmanned test flights, will remain three days in orbit around Earth to test all the systems and procedures undergone to send Indian astronauts into space.

G1 mission marks a milestone for India's space programme when it will test the systems for safety and reliability to transport humans to space. "G1 is indispensable in testing our technologies under real space conditions. We will be testing life support, navigation, re-entry and other key parameters to safely send people to orbit and bring them back home," said the official.

The rocket vehicle, to be launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, will fly around the world in a low-Earth orbit for nearly three days before returning in a controlled mission.

On board are sensors to gather vital information on how the vehicle performs against the stresses of launch, radiation, exposure to microgravity, and re-entry from the atmosphere—a dress rehearsal exercise for a future crewed mission.

DROP TEST AHEAD

Since the launch is planned in December, Isro is also planning to perform an integrated drop test of the crew module.

The test will simulate parachute-guided landing by letting the module drop to a specified altitude, increasing the accuracy of the recovery operation and confirming that all the landing systems function as intended.

Even though Isro has not made it official, a Notam has released speculating the possibility of Crew Module drop test.

ASTRONAUT TRAINING TO RESUM

Meanwhile, training of astronauts for Gaganyaan is also commencing. Indian Air Force pilot Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, one of the four officers selected to go on the first mission, will return to India this month after additional training at Axiom Space in the US.

The four-member team's crew training schedule will begin in October and Bengaluru's Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC) is ready to complete a high-tech crew training simulator.

The simulator will improve mission readiness immensely by simulating launch, orbit, and re-entry conditions for cosmonauts.

Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath on Monday instructed the officials of education to relocate anganwadi centres into buildings which became vacant following the pairing of schools with fewer students.

"This will improve early childhood education and make maximum use of infrastructure," he said while presiding over a review meeting with officials of basic education.

Yogi added schools having over 50 students must operate as separate institutes to further administrative effectiveness, accountability and academic supervision.

"The paired system should be introduced on a long-term, composite vision. The officials must project its advantage for the students, teachers, and parents through improved utilisation of resources and quality of education," he added. Stressing that the relocation of anganwadi centres must be time-bound and without any letup, Yogi also instructed the school management committees (SMCs), which include the headteacher and village head, to let no child in the age group of 6-14 remain outside school education.

Demanding proper implementation of the 'School Chalo Abhiyan', CM directed officials to ensure that each child is enrolled and is regularly attending school.

He also directed officials to transfer Rs 1,200 for purchasing uniforms, shoes, socks, stationery and study material into parents' bank accounts without delay.

"The DBT process has to be done in a transparent, fair and time-bound manner," he added. Speaking about the problem of poor infrastructure in certain schools, Yogi directed officials to provide the required facilities so that students are able to learn in a clean, secure and favorable environment.

Emphasizing the importance of having an ideal teacher-student ratio, yogi urged immediate recruitment to fill vacant teaching positions. He also instructed the department to dispatch requisitions for all vacancies forthwith and finalize the appointment process on a time-bound basis.

Indians have sent a whopping Rs 1.76 lakh crore abroad in the last decade to finance studies of students who are studying abroad, new Reserve Bank of India (RBI) figures have revealed. The amount is so colossal that it would have been sufficient to build over 60 new IITs.

In 2023–24 alone, students transferred a combined total of almost Rs 29,000 crore abroad to pursue studies, slightly short of last year's figure. A decade ago, this figure was a paltry Rs 2,429 crore. That is education remittances have grown as much as 1,200% in the past decade.

The RBI released this data in response to a Right to Information (RTI) application, in US dollars initially and subsequently converted into rupees based on the existing exchange rate.

Although there is a decline in student travel, yet the spending remains high. The number of Indians traveling abroad for studies actually declined by 15% in 2024 as opposed to 2023 since several nations strengthened their visa conditions.

Government data reveal that 7,59,064 students left the country for studies in 2024, down from 8,92,989 in 2023. But the number is still much higher than during the pre-pandemic period. In 2019, only 5.9 lakh students had left the country.

OVERSEAS SPENDING VS INDIA'S EDUCATION BUDGET

The level of spending abroad becomes clearer by contrast with India's higher education budget. The Union government has budgeted approximately Rs 50,078 crore with the Department of Higher Education for 2025–26. Indians alone spent more than half this amount on overseas education over the last year. Over the decade, the total so far is well over three times the government's aggregate higher education budget annually.

That is, if it is taking approximately Rs 2,823 crore to set up one IIT currently, the amount of money drained out of the nation in a single year alone could have established over 10 IITs. The total outflow for 10 years could have built some 62 of them.

NO CLARITY ON BANK CHARGES

Even though the RBI detailed how much money is sent out of India for education, it does not know about bank fees or mark-ups on foreign exchange that students and their parents incur while sending money abroad. The central bank also did not have figures on whether more of these remittances were through banks or non-banks like fintech platforms.

Between FY 2018–19 onwards, RBI statistics show the education remittance transactions have risen sharply — from 3.63 lakh in 2018–19 to nearly 10 lakh during 2022–23, before decreasing slightly to 9.43 lakh in 2023–24.

The figures paint a telling picture: Indian families are shelling out more than ever before to send their children overseas to study at advanced levels. And while the numbers indicate a foreign education spend boom, they also raise challenging questions regarding the quality, capacity, and affordability of higher learning at home.

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