Many people believe that being a translator is simply about mechanically switching words from one language to another. However, translation is actually cultural transfer. A translator not only transfers meaning but also emotion, history, and context and thus, turning the spectator into a witness in different language worlds.

Apart from interpreters, who speak only one language at a time, and switch between languages almost instantaneously, translators are usually acquainted with both languages and one or more different languages, and communicate via written language, i.e. they translate books, novels, poetry, film subtitles, legal and medical documents, government papers, websites, academic research, and corporate content. An invisible translation is the real measure of a great one.A good translation is one that the reader does not realize that it is a translation. It should sound natural, fluent, and culturally fit with the language into which it is translated, as if it were written there originally.

India is a country with dozens of living languages and hundreds of dialects, and it is nothing short of a treasure trove for translators. The demand is on the rise as government departments, publishers, media houses, OTT platforms, NGOs, and corporate organisations need content to be shared between different regions.

Translations of Indian languages are not merely professional services; they are a cultural commitment. It is the voice of the regions, the access to the information, and the assurance that the stories of the smallest linguistic communities are not lost. Although the initial payment may be low and media deadlines can be quite stressful, the social and emotional impact of the job makes it very rewarding for those who care about representation and storytelling.

Translation of foreign languages, however, puts the translators in a global milieu. The work is mostly international companies, embassies, global institutions, export, import businesses, tourism, gaming, film, and publishing industries. French, German, Spanish, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and Arabic are classic in demand language choices. This way normally yields higher earnings, allows international freelancing, and a real travel experience. However, one has to be a language lover for years, constantly update skills, and be very careful, since even a small cultural mistake can bring serious professional consequences.

Regardless of the language in question, translators who truly succeed will need a lot more than simple bilingual skills. Writing proficiency in the target language is equally important as being culturally aware not just by the book but also in a living sense. Since they are always required to do extensive research, they must be highly attentive to detail, and efficient in time management even when they are working under pressure. Being conversant with translation tools, having deep knowledge of the subject matter such as law or medicine, and possessing good editing skills can bring great benefits in terms of both personal development and market standing.

There are several undeniable advantages in the translation field such as flexible work schedules, working from home options, brains getting constantly exercised and the joy of being a perpetual learner. Besides, it is a profession that allows you to work in different industries and at the same time play the role of a mediator between cultures. On the other hand, the problems are tangible. First, you may have an unstable income, deadlines can exhaust your mind very much, and most of the time, the skills that you use are undervalued. Besides that, due to AI tools, translators also have to come up with work that machines cannot copy, i.e. depth, nuance, and cultural awareness.

Is it still a good idea to make translation your career nowadays when there is artificial intelligence? It is still a good idea if you are those who take the craft very seriously. AI can translate the words, but it does not have the ability to understand the context, emotion, satire, or the cultural memory completely. Specialist translators, who have excellent writing skills and can interpret the deeper levels of language will still be needed.

Students who are thinking of taking this route should know that translation is a deliberate choice and not a second option. It is ideal for those who have a real passion for languages, love reading and writing, have the patience to go into details, and are willing to learn continually. You will not get a career that is both easy and quick money out of it. Rather, it is a challenging and at times, a hidden profession that acknowledges depth, dedication, and a high regard of language.

For those who commit themselves wholeheartedly to it, translation is not merely a profession it is an art that one develops throughout life.

Dental plaque and gum disease are issues that most people don't really know about or understand. The truth is, almost 99% of people get plaque buildup at one time or another. However, the average person doesn't pay attention to it until it's causing pain, they can see it, or it is starting to affect their confidence.

Plaque and tartar buildup are like stones on the teeth that silently destroy your oral health. Without proper care, they may cause bad breath (halitosis), bleeding gums, loosening of teeth, bone loss, and premature tooth loss.

Here is a complete guide to dental plaque, gingivitis, periodontitis, causes of bad breath, and professional treatments such as dental scaling.

What Is a Dental Plaque?

Plaque is a sticky, colourless film of bacteria, food debris, and saliva that constantly forms on your teeth. When not removed through proper brushing and flossing, it irritates the gums and starts damaging the surrounding tissues.

Over time, plaque hardens into tartar (calculus)—a rough deposit that cannot be removed with a toothbrush.

How Plaque Leads to Gum Disease

  • Plaque Formation: Bacteria accumulate on teeth daily.
  • Gingivitis: Gums become inflamed, red, swollen, and bleed easily.
  • Tartar Buildup: Plaque hardens into calculus.
  • Periodontitis: Infection spreads deeper, destroying bone and gum tissue.
  • Tooth Mobility: Teeth become loose and may eventually fall out.

This progression often happens without pain, making gum disease extremely dangerous.

What Is the Periodontium?

The periodontium is the structure that supports your teeth. It includes:

  • Gums
  • Jawbone
  • Ligaments
  • Cementum

When these tissues become infected, it results in periodontal disease.

What Is Periodontal Disease?

Periodontal disease is a chronic infection of the gums and supporting tissues of the teeth. While poor oral hygiene is the most common cause, some people are genetically more prone to it.

If untreated, it can lead to:

  • Permanent bone loss
  • Gum recession
  • Tooth loosening
  • Tooth loss

Common Causes of Bad Breath (Halitosis)

Bad breath is often the first sign of plaque and gum disease.

Oral Hygiene Causes

  • Poor brushing and flossing
  • Bacteria on the tongue
  • Smoking or tobacco use
  • Dirty dentures or braces

Food & Drink Causes

  • Garlic, onions, spices
  • Coffee and alcohol

Medical Causes

Persistent bad breath may indicate:

  • Gum infections
  • Sinus problems
  • Acid reflux
  • Diabetes
  • Kidney or liver disorders

Can Plaque and Gum Disease Be Cured?

Gingivitis: Fully reversible with proper oral care.

Periodontitis: Cannot be cured completely, but can be controlled and managed.

The goal of treatment is to:

  • Stop disease progression
  • Control infection
  • Prevent further bone loss

What Is Scaling?

Scaling is a professional deep-cleaning procedure that removes:

  • Hardened plaque (tartar)
  • Stains
  • Bacteria below the gum line

It is essential for preventing gum disease and maintaining fresh breath.

Why Scaling Is Important

Scaling helps:

  •  Prevent gum infections
  •  Reduce bad breath
  •  Protect jawbone
  •  Keep teeth firm
  •  Improve overall oral health

Most people should get scaling done once or twice a year, depending on their oral condition.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is dental plaque made of?

Dental plaque is made of bacteria, food particles, and saliva that stick to the surface of teeth.

Q2. Is tartar the same as plaque?

No. Plaque is soft and removable by brushing. Tartar is hardened plaque that needs professional removal.

Q3. Can brushing remove tartar?

No. Once plaque turns into tartar, only a dentist can remove it using scaling.

Q4. What are early signs of gum disease?

  • Bleeding gums
  • Bad breath
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Gum tenderness

Q5. Is bleeding while brushing normal?

No. Bleeding gums are a sign of inflammation and should not be ignored.

Q6. Can gum disease cause tooth loss?

Yes. Advanced gum disease destroys the bone supporting your teeth, leading to loosening and tooth loss.

Q7. How often should scaling be done?

Usually every 6–12 months, depending on plaque buildup and gum health.

Q8. Does scaling damage teeth?

No. Scaling actually protects your teeth and gums from further damage.

Q9. Can bad breath be permanent?

Yes, if the underlying cause—such as gum disease—is not treated.

Q10. Is gum disease contagious?

The bacteria responsible for gum disease can transfer through saliva, making oral hygiene important for everyone.

About the Expert

Dr Monalisa Ghosh is an oral medicine and radiology specialist with over eight years of academic and clinical experience in dentistry. She holds a Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) in Oral Medicine and Radiology from Vinoba Bhave University and a Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) from the West Bengal University of Health Sciences.

Currently, Dr Ghosh runs Doctors Dental Clinic in Bandel, West Bengal, and also practices at New Life Line Dental Clinic in Dumdum. She is actively involved in CBCT and digital X-ray reporting for Dant Aarogyashala in Bihar, bringing advanced diagnostic precision to patient care. Previously, she served as a Senior Lecturer at Hazaribagh College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, where she combined clinical practice with academic mentoring.

A recipient of the Best Scientific Paper Award at the National Convention 2018 in Vijayawada, Dr Ghosh has chaired scientific sessions at national conferences and has multiple publications to her credit, including research articles and academic books in oral medicine, endodontics and diagnostic imaging. Her professional interests include CBCT-based diagnosis, oral lesion management and forensic dental studies.

Regional Media is redefining communication by restoring trust,authenticity and cultural relevance as traditional media struggles with credibility and shrinking reach.

Communication has changed. The media didn’t notice. Once upon a time,traditional media decided what mattered.Newspapers framed reality television debates shaped opinion and credibility was assumed by default. That power structure no longer exists. Regional Media is not Alternative Media .It is the new mainstream.Today audience demand trust,cultural relevance and authenticity. Regional media succeeds because it speaks the language people live in,understands ground realities and builds emotional credibility. Influence no longer comes from reach alone. It comes from connection.The future of communication belongs to those who listen before they speak.Regional media now shapes narratives builds trust and drives meaningful engagement.In an age flooded with information,people choose familiarity over formality,authenticity over authority,connection over coverage.That is why regional media is not just growing. It is becoming the new language of communication. The future of media is human.Traditional media exists,but it no longer defines reality. It responds to it. Regional media now shapes narratives,builds trust and drives meaningful engagement. 

Why Brands and Institutions are shifting to Regional Media- Smart organisations understand influence today is contextual.They are partnering with regional platforms,using vernacular storytelling,prioritizing community trust over mass visibility. Because credibility cannot be scaled artificially.

Digital Platforms Have Redefined Regional Reach- The rise of smartphones and affordable data has removed distribution barriers. A local reach can influence policy discussions. Vernacular creators command massive digital following. Digital growth has not diluted regional media. It has validated it.Local journalists live where stories unfold. They share the same infrastructure problems,economic pressures and social realities as their audiences. Regional media is a faster trust building medium to reach mass audiences,higher engagement and strong emotional resonance. People believe those who share their reality. Regional media understands local histories,community rhythms,cultural sensitivities and social issues. People believe those who share their reality,live burning social issues. This proximity results in faster trust building,higher engagement and stronger emotional resonance.Regional media does not convert messages into local languages. It originates in them.This distinction matters. Language carries emotion, memory, humor and cultural logic. When communication happens in the language people think in,and trust forms naturally. Regional media says language is an identity,not translation.

Reach Is No Longer Power Trust Is- Traditional media still boasts numbers but numbers no longer equal impact. A smaller trusted regional platform can influence opinion far more effectively than a national outlet that audiences view with suspicion. Modern communication is relational,not hierarchical.

Detachment From Ground Reality- National media often reports about people instead of with them. Stories are framed through urban,elite ,they leave local nuance invisible. This distance creates a credibility gap.Views may watch but brief erodes. 

Sensationalism Over Substance- Shouting panels,breaking news theatrics and click driven headlines have diluted journalism into performance.Information overload has replaced insight.Attention without trust does not translate into influence.

Regional media is a voice ,not a filter. Not because it is louder,but because it is closer. Not because it is polished but because it is trusted .

I admit, selecting a topic for my first panel, or rather, my first public discussion beyond my clinic, proved far more difficult than I thought. The answer, however, came from the most common of sources: a family chat.

A few days ago, while having a chat with my in-laws, they mentioned something that I hear all too frequently in my practice—the fact that most of their teeth have been extracted at a young age. Today, they find it difficult to chew, speak, or even smile. It was not merely the fact that they lost teeth that caught my attention, but that they accept this fact so matter-of-factly, as if this was simply what one can expect from turning old.

In the past, conservative dental care was scarce. If someone needed dental treatment, the most common choice was either an extraction or nothing at all. This meant that people lost teeth that could still be conserved. At that time, dentistry was all about extraction and not conservation. Teeth were not an investment worth spending money on. After all, we all have 32 teeth; losing a few would not make any difference.

It turns out, a great deal.

Times, thankfully, are changing. Aesthetics have become inextricably linked to lifestyle. A healthy, positive smile can work wonders for how the world sees you—and for that matter, how you see yourself too. It is no hidden fact that movie stars around the world, from Cristiano Ronaldo to Priyanka Chopra, have already made huge investments in dental aids for aesthetic purposes. Veneers, crowns, dental aligners—are these not reserved for the elite? These tools have now become an adjunct for not only improving dental function but also boosting the confidence to face the world.

In the series of upcoming blog posts, I intend to talk about these procedures in an honest manner—not to glorify them, but to demystify them. The purpose of these blog posts lies in dispersing awareness about dental health among the general public. My understanding is that the dental field in general tends to function like an inward-looking, sealed box. Dentists share memes, reels, and educational nuggets, but mostly among themselves. What does awareness gain, if this awareness somehow fails to reach the concerned public?

The reality is, each one of us has dental problems. And in light of what my father always tells me, “You only have 32 teeth in your mouth; eventually, at least one of them will be problematic.” What makes it more disturbing is that most people do not know the reason for, much less the solution to, this issue. And to add to this problem are the deeply-rooted fear, stories, and myths linked to dental care; no wonder this situation continues to be more problematic. During my time in dental school, for instance, no one can tell how many times patients asked me if having a tooth extracted could lead to problems with eyesight. It is astonishing, and, at the same time, scary, to know that all these myths could go on for generations, while real awareness lingers.

Ironically, we look to the West to follow in many other aspects of life, but in the area of preventive and routine dentistry, they outperform us. People in the West visit dentists regularly and without fear. Orthodontics work is a very common practice, and wearing braces in the West is normalized from a very young age. But in our popular culture, wearing braces is something that needs to be laughed at, and this is a very sad trend. I’m positive that patients aren’t the ones who benefit from this.

Enough ranting for Day One.

For purposes of introduction, I hold a master’s degree in Oral Medicine and Radiology. I practice dentistry in my clinic along with my brother. I come from a family with my dad being a general surgeon. My mom is a retired matron from a government hospital. It is expected that most of our family talks are related to medicine, health-related concerns, lifestyle practices, as well as spiritual topics. It is just fitting that we carry our talks beyond our dining tables. By means of this column, my goal is to demystify and destress the notion of dental health. If my work can empower even one of my readers with a better understanding or with decreased anxiety toward the dentist and the experience of dental visits, it will have made my mission worthwhile. Your questions, ideas, and areas of concern are welcome.

By Dr. Monalisa Ghosh, Dental Surgeon

Because the world no longer works in silos and neither should learning. A doctor needs technology. .A journalist is no longer sufficient with the knowledge unless he is technically literate. An entrepreneur blends psychology, finance design and storytelling creative skills to establish his identitiy. An engineer must understand human behavior Yet for decades ,education told students to choose one subject, one path and stay there. But the real world never followed those rules. 

Interdisciplinary education is no longer a luxury but a necessity. In today’s fast changing complex it simply means learning across multiple subjects and connecting them meaningfully. It is where science meets design,technology meets ethics,business meets sociology,art meets analytics.

Instead of asking What subjects do you study? Interdisciplinary education asks,How do you think about a particular concept? It prepares students not just to remember education concepts theory but to apply knowledge creatively ,solve real world problems and adapt continuously. Traditional model system has no relevance in the day to day life. Science students may create good rhythm beats and compose music and own a musical band. Art students can be good at solving complex management problems. A climate crisis is not just science .It is economics, politics and psychology technology and communication. A startup is not just business. It is design storytelling data human emotion and leadership. Hence, interdisciplinary education makes you knowledgeable, adaptable and smart to handle multiple tasks in the smart way. 

Employers don’t just ask “Can you adapt, connect ideas and solve problems? Interdisciplinary education builds exactly that capability. It builds real world problem solvers. Life does not give text book questions. It gives us ambiguous situations, conflicting perspectives, emotional and ethical dilemmas, interdisciplinary learning teaches students to see problems from multiple angles, think critically instead of memorizing make informed balance decisions .It moves students from answers to understanding. 

Interdisciplinary education encourages creativity and innovation .Innovation does not happen in isolation. When students explore different disciplines they learn to think creatively ,ask better questions and break mental boundaries. This is how innovation is born, not from repetition but from connection. It makes learning more meaningful and human. Interdisciplinary education brings learning closer to real life. Interdisciplinary education doesn't just teach subjects .

It teaches how to learn, unlearn  and relearn. This mindset is the greatest skill of the 21st century. Technology without ethics is dangerous .Business without empathy is unsustainable. Education shapes not just skilled professionals but responsible human beings.

Institutions and platforms like Edinbox Matter- At Edinbox ,education is not just about ranking institutions .It is about redefining quality of education,relevance and impact. Promoting interdisciplinary education helps universities design future ready curricula.It helps students to discover their true potential. By endorsing interdisciplinary learning models,Edinbox supports an education ecosystem that is inclusive,innovative and forward thinking.This is how education stays aligned with the real world. Interdisciplinary education is not about doing more. It is about thinking deeper,wider and wiser. It prepares students not just for exams but for life.Not just for jobs,but for leadership.Not just for success but for a meaningful career. In a connected world,connected learning is the future. And that future begins now.

In 2025, the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has overhauled the curriculum as per the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2023. Whether it was the deletion of history modules or the addition of vocational training, the NCERT textbooks are facing major developments this year, starting with modules based on the Indian Operation Sindoor.

Although the same topics are in effect, the council has decided to chuck out but also introduce some new topics relevant to students. Today, we’re going to discuss the prominent changes initiated by the NCERT that students must know before entering 2026.

History Updates

Contrary to the earlier pattern, the new History textbooks will emphasize more on activities and contexts and less on the title itself. To incorporate this, the names 'Akbar the Great' and 'Tipu Sultan the Great' will be erased from the textbooks. Leaving aside these, the decline of Mughal Empire after the death of Aurangzeb and certain mentions of rulers like Raziyya Sultan and Nur Jehan will also be erased.

In addition, matters such as ‘Cold War Era’ and ‘US Hegemony in World Politics’ are absent in Class 12 history textbooks.

Now, the textbooks are more based on ancient Indian dynasties, the contribution of tribal communities, and Indian scientists. A lot of new topics have been included, such as the manner in which the land itself can become sacred, cultural topics such as Maha Kumbh.

Although there were concerns raised by critics, terming this an attempt at “politically or ideologically motivated changes,” there was support by others, stating that there is rationalization of these in terms of NCF-SE 2023 and NEP 2020. On why particular topics had been removed, there was an explanation that it is to prevent duplication and students’ overload.

Vocational Education from 6th Standard

Keeping in mind the aim to incorporate skill-based learning in Indian classrooms, the NCERT thought of implementing vocational courses from Class 6. This will not only help students in gaining confidence, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills but also improve employability.

Special Moduless - Operation Sindoor

For spreading awareness among students about India's struggle against terrorism, NCERT has started two new modules for students of classes 3 to 12 in Operation Sindoor. It's not just a military operation, but it has also been termed as ‘A commitment to safeguard peace, in tribute to those who lost their lives in Pahalgam terror attack.’

Both modules are called “Operation Sindoor—A Saga of Valour” for the preparatory and middle levels/Classes 3 to 8, and “Operation Sindoor—A Mission of Honour and Bravery” for the secondary level/Classes 9 to 12. Both modules have been designed keeping in mind the objective of creating awareness of Indian military might among school-going kids.

New Swadeshi Module

In order to encourage 'self-sustenance' in Indians, NCERT has also included a 'Swadeshi' module for middle and secondary classes. It links up Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Atmanirbhar Bharat to the 'Swadeshi Movement'.

These newly included modules begin with quotational segments of PM Modi’s 79th Independence Day speech. For many years now, PM Modi has been reiterating that "self-reliance is the bedrock of national strength and dignity." Many times, in different addresses, PM Modi has appealed to the people and shopkeepers of the nation that they should promote Made in India products. This must be done voluntarily and with pride.

Bridging Programmes for Key Grades

Bridge programmes Also this year, the NCERT launched the Bridge courses for classes 1, 3, 5, 6, and 8. These are the short-term educational programs which have been started to bridge the gap in the educational experience of the students moving from one academic level to another or one educational system to the other.

It will be the first time that Artificial Intelligence will be used for the evaluation of the answare papers in the Higher Secondary examination. From the coming academic session, the Higher Secondary examination has been introduced in the semester system. The first semester, also termed the third semester considering the Higher Secondary Education Council, which had exams for the last two semesters in Class XI, has already been over prior to the Durga Puja festival. The final semester examination will begin in February.

What would the process for-scripts verification consist of?

In this year itself, there have been a few complaints regarding the exams held using the OMR cards. The Council has warned the students, guardians, and teachers to strictly adhere to the guidelines provided in the OMR cards because the cards are processed in computers. In case there is any mistake in the exam, like marking two spots for a single answer, water splashing or any other liquid pouring on the paper, or folding the OMR card, the processing will not be possible in the computer, and the whole answer sheet or the OMR card might have to be cancelled.

Artificial intelligence in evaluation

Despites the warning not to do this, there are certain issues that have been mentioned to have already emerged that could lead to problems in the process of evaluating the OMR. In this particular situation, the Council has already concluded that they will take advantage of what AI has to offer. According to a quotation attributed to the President of the Council, Chiranjib Bhattacharjee, an AI has been created to meet the particular areas they need assistance in.

The Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology is embedded within the AI system. Optical Character Recognition is a type of technology that possesses the capability to read images, whether they are handwritten or printed, to move them into a form that a computer can read. The characters in an image can be recognized through Optical Character Recognition technology.

Will multiple markings have any effect on the cancellation of the answer sheets?

In OMR, the student is supposed to write their roll numbers and registration numbers by hand in two separate places and also mark their numbers by coloring over the respective numbers in the circles. This method involves a procedure where, in case of any irregularity and mistake, the answer sheet would be canceled. However, with this new technology, once implemented, the answer sheet won’t be canceled as long as there isn’t any mistake in writing as well as circling numbers.

Many times, while selecting the proper answer to be marked, the student unconsciously marks two answers. Normally, this would not be accepted by the computer. However, in this regard, the student would be assisted by AI technology, says Bhattacharya. 

“The computer would compute probabilities. It would compute which one of the two answers has been marked in heavier characters. One would be taken as the intended answer,” he explained. Many a time, a student may have casually checked the wrong answer and later checked the correct answer correctly. The AI will isolate the correct answer. Also, apart from all these, if there are any other bugs, there will be a human operator available for attending to it accordingly. 

As regards the concerns about ‘the possible reduction of teachers’ roles’ due to increased usage of AI in assessment, ‘the Council cannot accept this argument.’ As regards ‘the possible reduction of teachers’ roles’ due to increased usage of AI in assessment, ‘the Council cannot accept this argument.’ In regard to ‘the reduction of teachers’ roles’ due to ‘increased usage of AI in assessment,’ ‘the Council cannot accept this argument.’ As regards ‘the possible reduction of teachers’ roles,’ ‘the Council cannot accept this argument.’ As regards ‘the possible reduction of teachers’ roles’ due to increased usage of AI in assessment, ‘the Council cannot accept this argument.’ As regards ‘the reduction of teachers’ roles’ due to ‘increased usage of AI

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